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Kim and Kim: Experience of Maintaining Employment for Mentally Disabled People: Q Methodological Approach
Original Article

J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2017;26(1):77-87.

Published online: 7 March 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2017.26.1.77

Experience of Maintaining Employment for Mentally Disabled People: Q Methodological Approach

Go-Un Kim1, Soo Jin Kim2

1John of God Hospital, Gwangju, Korea

2College of Nursing, ChonnamNational University ResearchInstitute of Nursing Science, Gwangju, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Soo Jin College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, 160 Back-seo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Korea. Tel: +82-62-530-4951, Fax: +82-62-227-4009, E-mail: pinehillkim@naver.com

Received 19 December 20169 February 2017       Accepted 21 February 2017

Copyright © 2017 The Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of the experience of maintaining employment for peoplewith mental disabilities.

Methods

The research designwas adescriptivedesignusingQ-methodology, which is a method of measuring subjectivity. Twenty-one participants classified 34 selected Q-statements on a nine-point scale to create a normal distribution. The PC-QUANL software program(a factor analysis programfor the Q technique) was usedto analyze the Q-sort data.

Results

Three types were extractedthat described different expressions of the experience of maintaining employment for peoplewith mental disabilities; these types explained 52.3% of the total variance. Type I is ‘Workplace support’, Type II is ‘Self-management’, Type III is ‘Experience integration’.

Conclusion

The resultsof this studyprovideanunderstandingthat therearedifferent types of experiencesfor maintaining employment for people with mental disabilities and each type has certain characteristics. In future studies, it would be helpful to develop customized nursing interventions for psychiatric nurses while occupational rehabilitation services are being provided.

Keywords: Mentally disabled, Employment, Q methodology

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Table 1.
Eigenvalue, Variance, and Factor Weight of P Sample (N=21)
Variables ID Eigen value Variance (%) Cumulative variance (%) Factor weight Factor loading
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
Type 1 (n=12) 21 8.07 38.4 38.4 1.86 .76 .17 .13
10       1.77 .75 .03 −.10
9       1.59 .73 .41 .16
8       1.31 .69 .08 .49
3       1.23 .67 .44 .02
2       1.02 .62 .41 .00
16       0.92 .59 .14 .18
20       0.90 .59 .01 .36
18       0.80 .55 .21 .12
14       0.66 .49 .40 .20
17       0.66 .49 .40 .42
11       0.55 .44 .08 .23
Type 2 (n=5) 7 1.54 7.4 45.8 1.12 .31 .64 .46
15       1.09 .36 .64 .46
6       1.09 .05 .64 .22
1       0.53 .32 .43 .37
5       0.35 .04 .32 −.07
Type 3 (n=4) 4 1.36 6.5 52.3 1.19 −.07 .28 .66
13       1.13 .48 −.27 .65
19       0.94 .17 .07 .60
12       0.72 .31 .47 .52
Table 2.
Correlations among Types of the Experience of Maintaining Employment for the Mentally Disabled
Variables Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
Type 1 1.00 − −
Type 2 .61 1.00 −
Type 3 .50 .46 1.00
Table 3.
Q-statements and Z-scores according to Types
Q statements Type Z-score
1 2 3
1. I endure my symptoms of mental disability for my employment. −0.07 1.08 −0.96
2. I regularly take medicine to maintain my employment. 1.41 1.90 1.99
3. Side effects of medication make me difficult to focus on work. −1.65 −0.33 −1.84
4. Managing monthly salary on my own motivates me to work better. 1.41 1.57 −0.27
5. Having a hobby is useful to relieve job stress. 0.49 0.92 1.51
6. Exercising and leading a healthy life help to focus on work. 0.23 1.61 1.15
7. Previous work experiences help me adapt to the new work environment. −0.18 0.08 1.87
8. I have coworkers who encourage me. 1.03 −0.57 0.83
9. Positive attitude helps to overcome difficulties at workplace. 0.97 1.18 0.76
10. I have my own method to master job skills. 0.71 −0.26 0.83
11. It is uncomfortable to discuss problems at workplace. −0.52 0.11 −1.21
12. Having a goal for the future gets me motivated to work. −0.27 1.04 0.82
13. My coworkers know that I am mental ill. 1.98 −0.05 −0.24
14. I am a full-time employee. −1.89 −1.95 0.22
15. Programs for families who are experiencing mental disorder are useful in maintaining my employment. −0.26 0.79 0.17
16. Parents want me to change my job because they do not acknowledge my mental disorder. −1.00 −1.03 −1.43
17. My family's interest to prevent reoccurrence of my illness helps me maintain my employment. 1.07 1.20 1.38
18. Family is satisfied with my employment and offers support. 1.35 1.46 0.40
19. Parents helped me to find the right employment −0.81 −0.51 0.08
20. I frequently misunderstand others action and message at workplace, making difficult to work. −1.28 −0.11 −0.77
21. My coworkers have a good understanding of my mental disability. 0.89 −0.36 −0.18
22. I cannot take a rest even though the work is difficult. −0.89 −0.08 −0.92
23. Family and my employer are in contact and discuss my work life. −0.48 −1.32 −0.43
24. I work with ‘ordinary’ workers by forming a team. 0.25 0.36 0.92
25. I receive extra training to improve my work performance. −0.90 −0.82 −0.29
26. I am under paid compared to my workload. −0.14 0.09 −1.47
27. My working hour is long. −1.04 −1.39 −1.47
28. My workplace provides leisure programs for employees. −0.21 −0.73 −0.89
29. My eligibility for basic living expenses makes me difficult to maintain employment. −0.58 −1.50 −0.34
30. Employer allows me to take regular hospital visit 1.47 −0.36 0.19
31. I experienced discrimination due to my mental disorder. −1.34 −0.93 −0.64
32. WhenI first joined the company, I was offered employment help fromcounselors at the agency for the disabled. −0.54 −0.95 0.98
33. Community rehabilitation center offers assistance to maintain employment. 1.28 0.85 0.21
34. I hope to change my job because the current employment is irrelevant to the job certificate that I have acquired. −0.48 −0.98 −0.98
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