Influences of Cognitive Distortion and Depression on Gambling Severity in Koreans with Gambling Disorders

Kee-Lyong Lee; Jung-Ah Hong

doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2017.26.3.280

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Lee and Hong: Influences of Cognitive Distortion and Depression on Gambling Severity in Koreans with Gambling Disorders

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 2017; 26(3): 280-290.

Published online: 27 September 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2017.26.3.280

Influences of Cognitive Distortion and Depression on Gambling Severity in Koreans with Gambling Disorders

Kee-Lyong Lee¹, Jung-Ah Hong²

¹Department of Nursing, Suwon Science College, Suwon, Korea.

²Department of Nursing, Aansan University, Ansan, Korea.

Corresponding author: Hong, Jung-Ah. Department of Nursing, Aansan University, 155, Ansandaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan 15328, Korea. Tel: +82-31-400-7148, Fax: +82-31-400-7107, karen3115@naver.com

Received 15 June 2017 Revised 24 July 2017 Accepted 24 August 2017

The Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify levels of cognitive distortion, depression, and gambling severity and to identify the influences of cognitive distortion and depression on gambling severity in Koreans with a gambling disorder.

Methods

The participants in this study were 150 Koreans with a gambling disorder. Data were collected using self-report structured questionnaires which included individual characteristics, the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale, the Center for the Epidemiologic Studies Depression, and the Problem Gambling Severity Index. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression.

Results

Gambling severity had a significant correlation with gambling related cognitions scale-perceived inability to stop gambling (r=.29, p<.001) and depression (r=.34, p<.001). Among predictors, depression (β=.24, p=.035) and type of housing tenure (β=.26, p=.022) had statistically significant influence on gambling severity. The explanatory power of this regression model was 17.0% (F=3.72, p=.003).

Conclusion

The findings from this study indicate that interventions to decrease depression are essential to decrease the gambling severity of Koreans with gambling disorder.

Keywords: Gambling, Cognition, Depression

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General Characteristics of the Participants (N=150)

Table 2

Descriptive Statistics of Variables (N=150)

TMS=Total score mean; GMS=Grade point mean; GRCS-TOT=Gambling related cognitions scale-total; GRCS-GE=Gambling related cognitions scale-gambling related expectancies; GRCS-IS=Gambling related cognitions scale-perceived inability to stop gambling; GRCS-PC=Gambling related cognitions scale-predictive control; GRCS-IB=Gambling related cognitions scale-interpretative bias; GRCS-IC=Gambling related cognitions scale-illusion of control.

Table 3

Gambling Severity by General Characteristics (N=150)

Table 4

Correlations among Variables (N=150)

GRCS-TOT=Gambling related cognitions scale-total; GRCS-GE= Gambling related cognitions scale-gambling related expectancies; GRCS-IS=Gambling related cognitions scale-perceived inability to stop gambling; GRCS-PC=Gambling related cognitions scale-predictive control; GRCS-IB=Gambling related cognitions scale-interpretative bias; GRCS-IC=Gambling related cognitions scale-illusion of control.

Table 5

Predictors of Gambling Severity (N=150)

^†Dummy variables (One's own house=1, Lease=0, Monthly rent=0); GRCS-IS=Gambling related cognitions scale-perceived inability to stop gambling.

Notes

^{CONFLICTS OF INTEREST} The authors declared no conflict of interest.

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