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Hyun: The Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy Improving Social Cognition on the Self efficacy, Relationship Function and Social Skills for Chronic Schizophrenia
Original Article

J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2017;26(2):186-195.

Published online: 7 June 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2017.26.2.186

The Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy Improving Social Cognition on the Self efficacy, Relationship Function and Social Skills for Chronic Schizophrenia

Mi Yeul Hyun

College of Nursing, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea

Corresponding author: Hyun, Mi Yeul College of Nursing, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea. Tel: +82-64-754-3886, Fax: +82-64-702-2686, E-mail: hpeople@jejunu.ac.kr

Received 15 March 201729 May 2017       Accepted 7 June 2017

Copyright © 2017 The Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive behavioral group therapy improving social cognition on the self efficacy, relationship function and social skills for chronic schizophrenia.

Methods

This study employed a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Fifty-two participants were selected from patients with chronic schizophrenia, and they divided into an experimental group(26) and control group(26). Cognitive behavioral group therapy was used as the experimental treatment from March to May. Therapy was administered once a week over 10-weeks.

Results

The results showed that compared to the control group, experimental group improved on relationship function and social skills and showed better self-reported self efficacy.

Conclusion

These results indicated that the cognitive behavioral group therapy improving social cognition is an effective nursing intervention to increase the levels of self efficacy, relationship function and social skills.

Keywords: CBT, Self efficacy, Social skills, Schizophrenia

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Table 1.
Contents of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy Improving Social Cognition
Session Themes Contents of program
1 Orientation ․ Explain the overall program
  ․ Make a motivation and connection
2~3 Identify the situation ․ Identify precisely the situation based on objective cues
  ․ Getting used to emotional words
4~5 Identifying thoughts, feelings, and behaviors ․ Explain thoughts, feelings, and behavioral relationships
  ․ Identify thoughts, feelings, and actions based on objective cues
  ․ Experience that your thoughts can be wrong
6 Identifying irrational thoughts ․ Try to evaluate how to recognize and understand the daily situation
  ․ Identify stressful thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
7 Understanding the stress changes due to irrational thoughts ․ Evaluate irrational thoughts and identify feelings and behaviors associated with irrational thoughts ․ Understanding emotional and behavioral changes due to irrational thoughts
8 Story about recovery ․ Share recovery cases
  ․ Share one's recovery level, expectations for recovery
9 Learn conversation skills ․ Check one's attitude and tone
  ․ Role-playing with dialogue skills
10 Integration ․ Check the content summary
  ․ Share recovery plan
Table 2.
Homogeneity of the Participants (N=52)
Characteristics Categories Exp. (n=26) Cont. (n=26) x2 or t p
n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD
Gender Male 13 (50.0) 11 (42.3) 0.31 .578
Female 13 (50.0) 15 (57.7)    
Age (year)   44.42±8.10 44.96±7.06 −0.26 .799
Duration of illness (year)   24.85±8.03 24.69±7.97 −0.07 .945
Education level ≥High school 20 (76.9) 23 (88.5) 1.21† .465
≤Middle school 6 (23.1) 3 (11.5)    

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group

† Fisher's exact test.

Table 3.
Homogeneity of the Dependent Variables (N=52)
Variables Exp. (n=26) Cont. (n=26) Range t or z p
M±SD M±SD
Self-efficacy 124.08±34.60 123.19±32.12 60~176 0.10 .924
Relationship function 73.15±15.73 72.65±15.17 45~98 0.12 .908
Social skills 39.08±10.23 39.65±9.40 20~53 −0.22† .826

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group

† Mann-Whitney U test.

Table 4.
Effect of the Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy (N=52)
Variables Group Pretest Posttest t† or z p Difference (post-pre) t§ or z p
M±SD M±SD
Self-efficacy Exp. (n=26) 124.08±34.60 126.69±31.79 −2.53 .018 2.62±5.28 2.56 .014
Cont. (n=26) 123.19±32.12 122.19±29.72 1.04 .308 −1.00±4.90    
Relationship function Exp. (n=26) 73.15±15.72 75.00±14.59 −4.14 <.001 1.85±2.28 4.02 <.001
  Cont. (n=26) 72.65±15.17 72.46±15.01 0.80 .434 −0.19±1.23    
Social skills Exp. (n=26) 39.08±10.23 37.54±9.57 −3.55‡ <.001 −1.54±1.73 2.68 .007
Cont. (n=26) 39.65±9.40 39.27±9.01 −2.35 .019 −0.38±0.75    

† Paired t-test

‡ Wilcoxon test

§ Independent t-test

Mann-Whitney test

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

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