A Systematic Review of Suicide Prevention Programs for Healthcare Personnel

Sunyoung Hwang; Heeseung Choi

doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2016.25.4.386

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Hwang and Choi: A Systematic Review of Suicide Prevention Programs for Healthcare Personnel

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 2016; 25(4): 386-398.

Published online: 30 December 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2016.25.4.386

A Systematic Review of Suicide Prevention Programs for Healthcare Personnel

Sunyoung Hwang¹, Heeseung Choi²

¹College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

²College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Choi, Heeseung. College of Nursing, Seoul National University, 103 daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 13080, Korea. Tel: +82-2-740-8852, Fax: +82-2-740-8852, gerhwang@naver.com

Received 8 August 2016 Revised 8 October 2016 Accepted 24 October 2016

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to systematically review the suicide prevention programs for healthcare personnel to identify contents, formats, and strategies essential for effective suicide prevention programs.

Methods

A systematic search using key words in English and Korean was conducted using 10 electronic databases, including EMBASE, MEDLINE, and RISS. Of 794 publications identified, 9 studies were finally included in this systematic review. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) was used for the quality assessment.

Results

Of the nine experimental studies, seven studies used randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and two used quasi-experimental designs. Overall, suicide prevention programs were found to be effective in improving competencies (e.g., knowledge, communication skills, and attitudes) of healthcare personnel working in diverse settings. Limitations of these studies included a lack of rigorous research designs and reliable and universal outcome measures. Paradoxically, none of the studies were conducted in South Korea, which consistently has the highest suicide rate of all OECD countries.

Conclusion

Suicide prevention programs for health personnel can be an effective way to improve competency of healthcare personnel in preventing suicide. These findings will serve as a foundation for the development of suicide prevention programs by Korean healthcare personnel.

Keywords: Suicide, Prevention, Training, Health personnel

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

PRISMA flow chart of study selection.

Table 1

Results of the Quality Assessment of the Studies

1.1: The study addresses an appropriate and clearly focused question; 1.2: The assignment of subjects to treatment groups is randomised; 1.3: An adequate concealment method is used; 1.4: The design keeps subjects and investigators ‘blind’ about treatment allocation; 1.5: The treatment and control groups are similar at the start of the trial; 1.6: The only difference between groups is the treatment under investigation; 1.7: All relevant outcomes are measured in a standard, valid and reliable way; 1.8: What percentage of the individuals or clusters recruited into each treatment arm of the study dropped out before the study was completed?; 1.9: All the subjects are analysed in the groups to which they were randomly allocated (often referred to as intention to treat analysis); 1.10: Where the study is carried out at more than one site, results are comparable for all sites; ++: High quality, +: Acceptable, -: Low quality.

Table 2

General Characteristics and Methodology of 9 Studies

Table 3

Effectiveness of Intervention for Suicide Prevention

Exp.=Experimental, Cont.=Control, TAU=Treatment as usual, TBI=Traumatic brain injury; HP=Health personnel;MP=Medical practitioners; SW=Social workers; OT=Occupational therapists; OHW=Other healthworke.

Notes

^{CONFLICTS OF INTEREST} The authors declared no conflict of interest.

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