Effects of Academic Stress in Middle School Students on Smartphone Addiction: Moderating Effect of Self-esteem and Self-control

Il Ok Kim; Sun Hwa Shin

doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2016.25.3.262

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Kim and Shin: Effects of Academic Stress in Middle School Students on Smartphone Addiction: Moderating Effect of Self-esteem and Self-control

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 2016; 25(3): 262-271.

Published online: 30 September 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2016.25.3.262

Effects of Academic Stress in Middle School Students on Smartphone Addiction: Moderating Effect of Self-esteem and Self-control

Il Ok Kim, Sun Hwa Shin

Department of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Shin, Sun Hwa. Department of Nursing, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3399-1595, Fax: +82-2-3399-1594, shinsh@syu.ac.kr

Received 2 August 2016 Revised 12 September 2016 Accepted 19 September 2016

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of academic stress among middle school students to their smartphone addiction while exploring the moderating effect of self-esteem and self-control in the relationship between academic stress and smartphone addiction.

Methods

A descriptive research design was used. The participants were 398 middle school students from one middle school in Seoul. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure academic stress, self-esteem, self-control, and smartphone addiction. Data were analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program.

Results

Smartphone addiction significantly differed according to gender, duration of smartphone use and average monthly amount of use. The hierarchical regression analyses revealed significant positive relations between academic stress and smartphone addiction. On the other hand, self-esteem and self-control were negatively related to smartphone addiction. Self-control appeared to have moderating effects in the relationship between academic stress and smartphone addiction.

Conclusion

It is important when developing smartphone addiction prevention programs to consider self-control that showed moderating effects.

Keywords: Stress, Smartphone, Addictive behavior, Self-esteem, Self-control

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Moderating effect of self-control in the relationship between academic stress and smartphone addiction.

Table 1

Difference of Academic Stress, Self-esteem, Self-control, and Smartphone Addiction according to General Characteristics (N=398)

Table 2

Correlation Matrix among Academic Stress, Self-esteem, Self-control, and Smartphone Addiction (N=398)

Table 3

Moderating Effect of Self-esteem in the Relationship between Academic Stress and Smartphone Addiction (N=398)

Table 4

Moderating Effect of Self-control in the Relationship between Academic Stress and Smartphone Addiction (N=398)

Notes

This study was supported by research grant from Sahmyook University.

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