Effects of Enneagram Program for Self-esteem, Interpersonal Relationships, and GAF in Psychiatric Patients

Mi Jung Kang

doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2015.24.2.116

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Kang: Effects of Enneagram Program for Self-esteem, Interpersonal Relationships, and GAF in Psychiatric Patients

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 2015; 24(2): 116-126.

Published online: 30 June 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2015.24.2.116

Effects of Enneagram Program for Self-esteem, Interpersonal Relationships, and GAF in Psychiatric Patients

Mi Jung Kang

Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Kang, Mi Jung. College of Nursing, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2072-1081, Fax: +82-2-2-2072-1081, kmj3554@naver.com

Received 11 March 2015 Revised 16 June 2015 Accepted 24 June 2015

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop an enneagram program and to investigate the effects of the enneagram program on self-esteem, interpersonal relationship and GAF(Global assessment of Functioning Scale) in psychiatric patients.

Methods

A nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was used. Participants were 46 psychiatric patients. Participants were assigned to the experimental group(n=21) or control group(n=25). The experimental group participated in the enneagram program for 12 hours through eight sessions. The control group(n=25) received a routine nursing activity program.

Results

The experimental group that participated in the enneagram program showed higher scores for self-esteem(t=3.73, p=.001), interpersonal relationship(t=2.63, p=.012) and GAF(t=2.43, p=.019) compared to the control group.

Conclusion

The results indicate that an enneagram program for psychiatric patients is effective in improving self-esteem, interpersonal relationship and overall functioning skills. Therefore, it is suggested that an active use of this enneagram program as a nursing intervention for psychiatric patients would be beneficial.

Keywords: Enneagram, Psychiatric patient, Self-esteem, Interpersonal relationship, GAF

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Enneagram Program Overview of Eight Sessions

Table 2

Homogeneity Test of Sociodemographic and Illness-related Characteristics of the Participants (N=46)

^*Fisher's exact test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; OCD=Obsessive compulsive disorder.

Table 3

Homogeneity Test of Dependent Variables

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; RSES=Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; RCS=Relationship Change Scale; GAF=Global Assessment of Functioning Scale.

Table 4

Comparison of the Differences of the RSES, RCS, GAF Scores between Groups

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; RSES=Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; RCS=Relationship Change Scale; GAF=Global Assessment of Functioning Scale.

Notes

This is manuscript is based on a part of the first author's doctoral dissertation from Seoul National University.

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