Effects of an Exercise Program on Depression Symptom, Self-esteem and Stress in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Seong-Hi Park; Kuem Sun Han; Chang-Bum Kang; Eun-Sook Park

doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2013.22.1.22

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Park, Han, Kang, and Park: Effects of an Exercise Program on Depression Symptom, Self-esteem and Stress in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 2013; 22(1): 22-33.

Published online: 31 March 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2013.22.1.22

Effects of an Exercise Program on Depression Symptom, Self-esteem and Stress in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Seong-Hi Park¹, Kuem Sun Han², Chang-Bum Kang³, Eun-Sook Park²

¹School of Nursing, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, Korea.

²College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.

³Research Development Team, Korea Health Promotion Foundation, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Han, Kuem Sun. Korea University, College of Nursing, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3290-4919, Fax: +82-2-927-4676, hksun@korea.ac.kr

Received 31 October 2012 Revised 14 March 2013 Accepted 14 March 2013

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was done to investigate evidence of exercise programs as interventions to decrease depression, anxiety symptoms and stress as well as to improve physical status and self-esteem in adolescents.

Methods

A search of electronic bibliographic database of Medline Ovid, Embase, KoreaMed and NDSL etc. was carried out to identify studies of randomized controlled trials that included exercise programs for adolescent. Of 679 publications identified, 10 studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria, and all studies were used in the meta-analysis. For Quality assessment of studies, Cochrane's Risk of Bias was used.

Results

The effectiveness of exercise therapy in adolescents showed that depression symptoms and stress decreased significantly, -0.50 (95% CI: -0.73~-0.27), -1.65 (95% CI: -3.19~-0.12) respectively, but there were some heterogeneity. Self-esteem increased 0.19 (95% CI: -0.22~0.60) due to exercise therapy but theses scores were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Based on these findings, there is evidence that exercise programs in adolescents are effective in improving depression symptoms, stress, and self-esteem. Therefore, the priority task is to develop tailored exercise programs for Korean adolescents and make efficient use of these programs.

Keywords: Exercise, Depression symptoms, Anxiety, Self-esteem, Stress

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Flow chart of study selection.

Figure 2

Assessment risk of bias in selected studies.

Figure 3

Comparison outcomes of exercise versus control on psychological effects.

Figure 4

Funnel plot of selected studies for effect size extraction.

Table 1

Characteristics of Selected Studies

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; CES-D=the center for epidemiological studies-depression scale; KINDL=Serbian KINDL questionnaire; PSS=perceived stress scale; SMFQ-C=the short mood and feelings questionnaire-child version; RSQ=responses to stress questionnaire; CDI=children's depressive inventory; RSES=rosenberg self-esteem scale; BDI=beck depression inventory; LES=life experiences survey; SD=self-development; RCDS=reynolds child depression scale; SPPC=the self-perception profile for children; Self-development=this scale was developed for this study by authors (Cronbach's α=.71); STAI=Spielberg's trait anxiety inventory.

Notes

This research was supported by General Research program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education Science and Technology (2011-0012616).

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