Types of Physical Restraint Experience in Mentally Ill Persons: Q Methodological Approach

Hee Sung Ko; Yang Sook Hah

doi:10.0000/jkapmhn.2012.21.1.30

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Ko and Hah: Types of Physical Restraint Experience in Mentally Ill Persons: Q Methodological Approach

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 2012; 21(1): 30-40.

Published online: 31 March 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.0000/jkapmhn.2012.21.1.30

Types of Physical Restraint Experience in Mentally Ill Persons: Q Methodological Approach

Hee Sung Ko¹, Yang Sook Hah²

¹Master, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

²Professor, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Ko, Hee Sung. College of Nursing, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea. Tel: +82-2-740-8801, Fax: +82-2-765-4103, lovisway@hanmail.net

Received 23 October 2011 Revised 25 February 2012 Accepted 22 March 2012

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the patterns of physical restraint experience in mentally ill persons.

Methods

Q-methodology, an approach designed to discover patterns in various subjective experiences, was used. Twenty-two participants classified 36 selected Q-statements on a nine-point scale to create a normal distribution. The collected data were analyzed using the PC Quanl Program.

Results

Five types of physical restraint experience in mentally ill persons were identified by the participants. Type I Emotional reaction-explosive anger, Type II Emotional reaction-internalized anger, Type III Rational reaction-rejection, Type IV Rational reaction-acceptance, Type V Rational reaction-trust.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide an understanding that different types of reactions to physical restraint experience exist and that each type has certain characteristics, which suggest a need to develop interventions specifically designed for each type of physical restraint experience.

Keywords: Mentally ill persons, Physical restraint, Experience

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Eigenvalues and Variances for Each Type

Table 2

Correlations between Types

Table 3

General Characteristics and Factor Weights of Subjects

DT=duration of treatment; FH=frequency of hospitalization; FR=frequency of restraint; RA=rejection of admission; VWR=violation of the ward rules; AB=aggressive behaviors; DMS=defiance to medical staffs; FOP=fighting with other patient.

Table 4

Q-statement and Typal Z-score

Notes

This article is a revision of the first author's master's thesis from Seoul National University.

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