Abstract
Purpose
This study is to understand experienced trauma of North Korea refugees before entering in South Korean and know how to connect their traumatic experience with the present life.
Methods
5 members of North Korea refugees were recruited and approved by the producer of phenomenological and heuristic Human Becoming Methodology of Parse in this study.
References
1. Anonymous North Korean refugee. Naked confession of poetry. Seoul: living books;2003.
2. Arnohff FN. Social consequences of policy towards mental illness. Science. 1975; 188:1277–1281.
3. Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG. Facilitating posttraumatic growth. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers;1999.
4. Han EH. Now I am happy. 2006. March 10, 2006. from http://www.nkd.or.kr/.
5. Herman JL. Trauma and recovery. New York: Basic Books;1997.
6. Hong CY. The 3 years follow up study of post-traumatic stress disorder of North Korean defectors. Unpublished master's thesis. Seoul: Yonsei University;2004.
7. Jeon WT. Unification of people and unification of
nation. Seoul: Yonsei University Press;2007.
8. Keyes EF, Kane CF. Belonging and adapting: Mental health of Bosnian refugees living in the United States. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2004; 25:809–831.
9. Kim CO, Kim YH, Ahn NY, Yoo SE. Guide book for mental health of North Korean defectors. Seoul: Beautiful Life;2006.
10. Kim HK. A psychological trauma and recovery among North Korean refugees. Kyounggi: KSI;2009.
11. Kim HK, Lee OJ. A phenomenological study on the experience of North Korean refugees. Nurs Sci Q. 2009; 22(1):85–88.
12.
JS Lee
OJ Lee
MS Koh
. Human becoming school of thought. Parse RR. Seoul: Hyunmoonsa;2002. Original work published 1998.
13. Lee OJ, Kim HK. Lived experience of considering tomorrow among North Korean Refugees. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2007; 37(7):1212–1222.
14. Maxwell JA. Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. London: Sage Publication;1996.
15. Mekki-Berrada A, Rousseau C, Bertot J. Research on refugees: Means of transmitting suffering and forging social bonds. Int J Ment Health. 2001; 30(2):41–57.
16. Ministry of Unification. Entrance statistics for North Korean refugees. 2010. 01. 05. January 5, 2010. from http://www.unikorea.go.kr.
17. Parse RR. The human becoming school of thought. London: Sage;1998.
18. Parse RR. Qualitative inquiry: the path of sciencing. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett;2001.
19. Rho IS, Won JS. The relations of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, self-esteem, and social adjustment among North Korean refugees. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2009; 18(1):69–77.
20. Schweitzer R, Melville F, Steel Z, Lacherez P. Trauma, post-migration living difficulties, and social support as predictors of psychological adjustment in resettled Sudanese refugees. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2006; 40:179–187.
21. Summerfield D. The impact of war and atrocity on civilian population: Basic principles for NGO interventions and a critique of psycho-social trauma projects. London, England: Relief and Rehabilitation Network;1996.
22. Tedeschi R, Calhoun L. Trauma & transformation: Growing in the aftermath of suffering. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage;1995.