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Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship of insight with sociodemographic, clinical, and cognitive parameters in schizophrenic patients.
Methods
Seventy-seven patients with schizophrenia were recruited. All subjects completed the Korean version of the revised Insight Scale of Psychosis (KISP) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Positive and Negative symptom scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Neurocognitive function tests were also administered.
Results
Patients that are married or currently living together showed significantly higher levels of insight than those who are di-vorced, separated, or single. Insight showed positive correlations with CDSS and emotional discomfort factor of PANSS. Insight also had negative correlations with age of onset and family, friend subscales of MSPSS. Total scores of PANSS and neurocognitive functions showed no significant correlations with insight. More severe depressive symptoms, lower perceived social support from friends and family, and younger age of onset were predictor of higher insight.
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Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects (n=77)
Table 2.
Clinical characteristics and neuropsychological tests scores of the subjects (n=77)
Table 3.
Comparison of KISP scores according to the demograph-c data
|
Score of KISP |
||
|---|---|---|
| Mean± SD | p-value | |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 12.47±5.86 | 0.714 |
| Female | 13.19±5.53 | |
| Occupation | ||
| Unemployed | 12.57±5.75 | 0.301 |
| Employed | 14.10±5.31 | |
| Marital status† | ||
| Married/living together | 14.91±6.07 | 0.002∗ |
| Single | 10.46±3.04 | |
| Divorced/Separated | 09.00±4.31 | |
Table 4.
Correlations of KISP scores with clinical measures, and neuropsychological test scores of the subjects (n=77)
| R | p-value | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | -0.176 | 0.114∗ |
| Educational level | -0.082 | 0.468∗ |
| Onset age | -0.24 | 0.030∗ |
| Duration of illness | 0.063 | 0.577∗ |
| Number of hospitalization | 0.009 | 0.941∗ |
| PANSS | ||
| Negative factor | 0.139 | 0.236∗ |
| Positive factor | 0.221 | 0.059∗ |
| Cognitive factor | 0.071 | 0.549∗ |
| Emotional discomfort factor | 0.311 | 0.007∗ |
| Hostility factor | 0.039 | 0.741∗ |
| CDSS | 0.532 | ＜0.001∗ |
| MSPSS | ||
| Family | -0.357 | 0.001∗ |
| Friend | –0.369 | 0.001∗ |
| Others | -0.161 | 0.149 |
| Verbal IQ | -0.262 | 0.170∗ |
| Performance IQ | -0.107 | 0.582 |
| Total IQ | -0.108 | 0.551∗ |
| Digit span | -0.047 | 0.680∗ |
| Verbal fluency | -0.014 | 0.906∗ |
| TMT A | 0.132 | 0.261∗ |
| TMT B | 0.092 | 0.505∗ |
∗ : p＜0.05, p-values were calculated using the Pearson's cor-relation analysis. KISP : Korean version of Insight Scale for Psychosis, PANSS : Positive and Negative symptoms scale, CDSS : Calgary Depression scale for Schizophrenia, MSPSS : Multidimensional Scale of Perceived social support, IQ : Intelligence
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