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Abstract
Objectives
Disturbance in self-experience has been considered to be a core feature of schizophrenia. Evidence from mirror face-recognition tasks supports the connection between self-face recognition and self-awareness which is a part of self-experience. The aim of this study was to investigate the self-other boundary recognition using morphed face pictures in patients with schizophrenia.
Methods
Twenty-one patients with schizophrenia and twenty-three healthy controls completed the self-face recognition task that consisted of various morphed pictures. Participant's own picture was morphed with each of three different, unknown, gender-matched facial identities in steps of 10%; each pair producing 11 images with graded blending of facial features. Thirty-three images in total were randomly presented as stimuli in a run, which was repeated three times. Participants were instructed to choose whether the stimulus was self-face or not.
Results
Self-face proportion was significantly lower in the schizophrenia group at both recognition start point I and II (33.33% vs. 53.04%, p＜0.001; 61.43% vs. 70.87%, p=0.01, respectively). Using the mean value of each recognition start point in the control group, we calculated the difference in self-face proportion for each individual with schizophrenia. There was a significant correlation between the degree of this difference and total Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) score at recognition start point I (r=0.507, p=0.019).
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Fig. 2.
Scatter plot between Difference in Recognition Start Point I and SANS score in Schizophrenia group. r : Pearson's correlation efficient
Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the subjects
| Characteristic | Healthy control (n=23) | Schizophrenia (n=21) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male : female) | 11 : 12 | 12 : 9 | 0.537 |
| Age (years) | 40.13±9.61 | 40.95±9.88 | 0.781 |
| Education (years) | 14.87±2.93 | 12.10±2.23 | 0.001∗ |
| Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale (SAS) | 5.43±3.74 | 10.05±5.55 | 0.003∗ |
| Rosenburg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) | 30.30±4.55 | 25.86±6.86 | 0.014∗ |
| Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS) | 38.91±11.15 | 46.81±10.84 | 0.022∗ |
| Private self-consciousness subscale | 19.35±5.01 | 20.86±4.69 | 0.309 |
| Public self-consciousness subscale | 12.39±4.30 | 14.90±5.23 | 0.088 |
| Social anxiety subscale | 7.17±4.20 | 11.05±5.58 | 0.012∗ |
| PANSS | - | 85.71±27.81 | |
| Positive scale | - | 20.81±8.12 | |
| Negative scale | - | 23.33±6.56 | |
| General psychopathology scale | - | 41.57±15.98 | |
| SANS | - | 53.19±23.48 |
Table 2.
Reaction time and omission rate
| Characteristic | Healthy control (n=23) | Schizophrenia (n=21) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total mean reaction time (ms) | 1005.84±219.38 | 1639.12±1205.47 | 0.027∗ |
| At recognition start point I | 1183.55±347.12 | 1598.26±823.28 | 0.042∗ |
| At recognition start point II | 1253.94±466.73 | 2114.84±2348.88 | 0.113 |
| Omission rate (%) | 0.35±0.58 | 1.20±1.55 | 0.026 |
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