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Kim, Jae, Lee, Choi, and Park: The Effect of a 12-week Weight Management Program on the Quality of Life in Patients with Schizophrenia
Original Article

Korean J Schizophr Res 2012;15(1):20-26.

Published online: 10 December 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16946/kjsr.2012.15.1.20

The Effect of a 12-week Weight Management Program on the Quality of Life in Patients with Schizophrenia

Jae Jin Kim, MD, Young Myo Jae, MD, PhD, Dae Su Lee, MD, Jin Hyuk Choi, MD, Sook Hyun Park, MD, PhD

Department of Psychiatry, Bongseng Memorial Hospital, Busan, Korea

Address for correspondence: Sook Hyun Park, Department of Psychiatry, Bongseng Memorial Hospital, 401 Jungang-daero, Dong-gu, Busan 601-723, Korea Tel: 051-664-4120, Fax: 051-664-4599 e-mail: my-pilsoon@hanmail.net

Received 14 February 2012       Revised 13 April 2012       Accepted 14 May 2012

Copyright © 2012 Korean Society for Schizophrenia Research

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

This study was designed to examine the effect of a 12-week weight management program on the quality of life, self-esteem and psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.

Methods

The subjects of the experiment consisted of psychiatric patients taking antipsychotics who were diagnosed with DSM-IV schizophrenia. The experimental group were patients with body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or above who participated in a 12-week weight management program, while the control group did not join the program. All the patients were admitted in closed psychiatry ward of a mental hospital. The program consisted of diet therapy, exercise, behavior modification and education. All the patients were checked on Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), Korean version of the SmithKlein Beecham Quality of Life (KvSBQOL), Korean version of 4th revision of Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS-R4K) and the weight.

Results

After the 12-week weight management program, RSES, KvSBQOL and SQLS-R4K were increased significantly in the experimental group (p＜0.001), as opposed to the control group. While the experimental group showed a notable increase in body weight and body mass index (BMI), the change in the control group was insignificant. BPRS was decreased significantly (p＜0.05).

Conclusion

12-week weight management program had a positive effect to decrease the weight and to increase the self-esteem and quality of life. This study provides evidence for the potential and beneficial effect of weight management program for schizophrenic patients. (Korean J Schizophr Res 2012;15:20–26)

Keywords: Schizophrenia, Weight control, Self-esteem, Quality of life

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Fig. 1.
Change in body weight (A) and body mass index (BMI)(B) during 12-week weight management program. Body weight (A) and BMI was measured on the day 1 (Before) and the day 84 (After). **: p＜0.001, vs. corresponding control, †: p＜0.05, ††: p＜ 0.001, vs. corresponding the day 1.
kjsr-15-20f1.tif
Fig. 2.
Change in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) during 12-week weight management program. BPRS was measured on the day 1 (Before) and the day 84 (After) by a psychiatrist. *: p＜ 0.05, vs. corresponding control, †: p＜0.05, vs. corresponding the day 1.
kjsr-15-20f2.tif
Fig. 3.
Change in Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES)(A), Korean version of the SmithKlein Beecham Quality of Life (KvSBQOL) (B), Korean version of 4th revision of Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS-R4K)(C) during 12-week weight management program. RSES, KvSBQOL, SQLS-R4K were measured on the day 1 (Before) and the day 84 (After) by a psychiatrist. **: p＜0.001, vs. corresponding control, ††: p＜0.001, vs. corresponding the day 1.
kjsr-15-20f3.tif
Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of subjects
  EG (n=40)
 CG (n=30)
 χ2 or t p
Number (%) Number (%)
Gender, N     9.420 0.004*
 Male 26 (65) 16 (53.3)    
 Female 14 (35) 14 (46.7)    
Age, mean±SD 40.12±7.21 42.35±9.83 1.201 0.020*
Education, mean±SD 08.59±3.27 08.70±2.19 0.392 0.542*
Marital status, N†     4.157 0.101*
 Single or divorced 18 (45) 15 (50)0.    
 Married 12 (55) 12 (40)0.    
 Widowers 0.0 (0.0) 02 (10)0.    
Risk factor of metabolic syndrome        
Hypertension     3.514 0.125*
systolic ＞ 140 or diastolic ＞ 90 23 (57.5) 15 (50)0.    
systolic ≤140 and diastolic＜90 17 (42.5) 15 (50)0.    
Diabetes†     2.001 0.064*
FBS≥126 26 (65) 17 (56.7)    
FBS＜126 14 (35) 13 (43.3)    
Hyperlipidemia        
Total cholesterol     4.021 0.098*
 ≥220 mg/dL 24 (60) 19 (63.3)    
 ＜220 mg/dL 16 (40) 11 (36.7)    
LDL-cholesterol     1.523 0.071*
 ≥160 mg/dL 21 (52.5) 18 (60)0.    
 ＜160 mg/dL 19 (47.5) 12 (40)0.    
HDL-cholesterol     0.014 0.055*
 ≤35 mg/dL 21 (52.5) 20 (66.7)    
 ＞ 35 mg/dL 19 (47.5) 10 (33.3)    

Statistics are tested by independent t-test for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher's exact test statistics for categorical variables.

* p＜0.05, †: p＜Fisher's exact test. EG: Experimental group, CG: Control group

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