Hae-Eun Shin; Min-Jeong Cho; Youn-Hee Choi; Keun-Bae Song

doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2017.41.2.96

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Shin, Cho, Choi, and Song: Evaluation of relationship between cognitive function and occlusal status in elderly individuals using the T-scan III® system

Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2017;41(2):96-101.

Published online: 15 June 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2017.41.2.96

Evaluation of relationship between cognitive function and occlusal status in elderly individuals using the T-scan III® system

Hae-Eun Shin, Min-Jeong Cho, Youn-Hee Choi, Keun-Bae Song

Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

Corresponding Author: Keun-Bae Song Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Korea Tel: +82-53-660-6870 Fax: +82-53-423-2947 E-mail: kbsong@knu.ac.kr

Received 6 March 2017 Revised 28 April 2017 Accepted 4 May 2017

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive function and occlusal status in elderly individuals.

Methods

A total of 162 individuals aged 65 years and older, who attended the senior citizen center in Daegu city, were included after consent for participation in the study was obtained. The Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) was used to evaluate the level of cognitive function. Occlusal status was determined using the T-scan III® system. All collected data were analyzed by χ² test, t-test, one way ANOVA, and linear regression analysis using SPSS version 23.0 for Windows.

Results

There was a significant relationship between the cognitive function and the use of dentures. Individuals with posterior occlusal status had higher MMSE-K scores than those with anterior occlusal status. There was a positive correlation between the cognitive function and posterior occlusal force.

Conclusions

These results suggest that occlusal status was associated with cognitive function in the elderly individuals. Active national policies to improve occlusal condition in the elderly population are needed.

Keywords: Cognitive function, MMSE-K, Occlusal status, T-scan III® system

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Table 1.

Characteristics of the study subjects

Variables	N (%)
Age
≤80	84 (51.9)
>80	78 (48.1)
Gender
Male	11 (6.8)
Female	151 (93.2)
Education
≤Elementary school	148 (91.4)
Middle school	6 (3.7)
≥High school	8 (4.9)
Living arrangement
With family	83 (51.2)
Alone	79 (48.8)
Denture use
Yes	103 (63.6)
No	59 (36.4)
MMSE
≤24	83 (51.2)
>25	79 (48.8)
Occlusion balance I
Left side	75 (46.3)
Right side	87 (53.7)
Occlusion balance II
Anterior	103 (63.6)
Posterior	59 (36.4)
Occlusion time (sec)
<0.3	107 (66.0)
≥0.3	55 (34.0)

OT (Occlusion time): Description applied to how quickly a patient closes their teeth together.

Table 2.

Occlusional status of participants according to MMSE-K

	MMSE
	Total score (n=162)	P-value*	≤24 (n=83)	>25 (n=79)	P-value**
	Mean±SD	P-value*	N (%)	N (%)	P-value**
Age
≤80	24.25±4.29	0.052	38 (23.5)	46 (28.4)	0.077
>80	22.92±4.33		45 (27.8)	33 (20.4)
Gender
Male	25.91±3.83	0.069	2 (1.2)	9 (5.6)	0.023
Female	23.44±4.35		81 (50.0)	70 (43.2)
Education
≤Elementary school	23.34±4.36^a	0.033	81 (50.0)	67 (41.4)	0.015
Middle school	26.67±2.25^b		1 (0.6)	5 (3.1)
≥High school	26.38±3.74^b		1 (0.6)	7 (4.3)
Living arrangement
With family	23.11±4.63	0.132	47 (29.0)	36 (22.2)	0.106
Alone	24.14±4.00		36 (22.2)	43 (26.5)
Denture use
Yes	23.07±4.60	0.035	59 (36.4)	44 (27.2)	0.031
No	24.56±3.73		24 (14.8)	35 (21.6)
Occlusion balance I
Left side	23.61±4.40	0.995	42 (25.9)	42 (25.3)	0.166
Right side	23.61±4.34		33 (20.4)	46 (28.4)
Occlusion balance II
Anterior	23.04±4.72	0.026	56 (34.6)	47 (29.0)	0.186
Posterior	24.61±3.42		27 (16.7)	32 (19.8)
Occlusion time
<0.3	23.73±4.35	0.632	53 (32.7)	54 (33.3)	0.331
≥0.3	23.38±4.38		30 (18.5)	25 (15.4)

*one-way ANOVA or t-test. **Chi-square test.

Table 3.

Demographic distribution according to occlusional status

	Occlusion
	Left side	Right side	P-value	Anterior	Posterior	P-value**
	N (%)	N (%)	P-value	N (%)	N (%)	P-value**
Age
≤80	42 (25.9)	42 (25.9)	0.205	51 (31.5)	33 (20.4)	0.267
>80	33 (20.4)	45 (27.8)		52 (32.1)	26 (16.0)
Gender
Male	4 (2.5)	7 (4.3)	0.358	8 (4.9)	3 (1.9)	0.381
Female	71 (43.8)	80 (49.4)		95 (58.6)	56 (34.6)
Education
≤Elementary school	70 (43.2)	78 (48.1)	0.094	94 (58.0)	54 (33.3)	0.986
Middle school	4 (2.5)	2 (1.2)		4 (2.5)	2 (1.2)
≥High school	1 (0.6)	7 (4.3)		5 (3.1)	3 (1.9)
Living arrangement
With family	36 (22.2)	47 (29.0)	0.071	14 (8.6)	16 (9.9)	0.186
Alone	39 (24.1)	40 (24.7)		54 (33.3)	25 (15.4)
Denture use
Yes	44 (27.2)	59 (36.4)	0.148	75 (46.3)	28 (17.3)	0.001
No	31 (19.1)	28 (17.3)		28 (17.3)	31 (19.1)

**Chi-square test.

Table 4.

Liner regression analysis of posterior occlusion and MMES

	Model I			Model II			Model III
	B	b	P-value*	B	b	P-value*	B	b	P-value*
Posterior occlusion	0.020	0.211	0.007	0.021	0.216	0.005	0.023	0.238	0.003
Gender				―2.694	―0.156	0.041	―2.133	―0.124	0.107
Age				―1.367	―0.157	0.040	―1.496	―0.172	0.023
Education							1.642	0.176	0.024
Living arrangement							1.401	0.161	0.034
Denture use							―0.499	―0.055	0.478

*Linear regression. Model I: Unadjusted model. Model II: Age+gender adjusted model. Model III: Age, gender, education, living arrangement, dentuer use adjusted model.

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