Red fluorescence of oral bacteria is affected by blood in the growth medium

Seung-Hwa Jeong; Yong-Hoon Yang; Min-Ah Lee; Se-Yeon Kim; Ji-Soo Kim

doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2017.41.4.290

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Jeong, Yang, Lee, Kim, and Kim: Red fluorescence of oral bacteria is affected by blood in the growth medium

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 2017; 41(4): 290-295.

Published online: 31 December 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2017.41.4.290

Red fluorescence of oral bacteria is affected by blood in the growth medium

Seung-Hwa Jeong^1,², Yong-Hoon Yang¹, Min-Ah Lee¹, Se-Yeon Kim^1,², Ji-Soo Kim^1,²

¹Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.

²BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Seung-Hwa Jeong. Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Meulgeum-up, Yangsan 50612, Korea. Tel: +82-51-510-8222, Fax: +82-51-510-8221, jsh0917@pusan.ac.kr

Received 7 December 2017 Revised 11 December 2017 Accepted 12 December 2017

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health

(open-access):

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

Dental plaque emits red fluorescence under a visible blue light near the ultra-violet end of the light spectrum. The fluorescence characteristics of each microorganism have been reported in several studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in red fluorescence of oral microorganisms that is affected by blood in the culture media.

Methods

The gram-positive Actinomyces naeslundii (AN, KCTC 5525) and Lactobacillus casei (LC, KCTC 3109) and gram negative Prevotella intermedia (PI, KCTC 3692) that are known to emit red fluorescence were used in this study. Each bacterium was activated in broth and cultivated in different agar media at 37℃ for 7 days. Tryptic soy agar with hemin and vitamin K₃ (TSA), TSA with sheep blood (TSAB), basal medium mucin (BMM) medium, and BMM with sheep blood (BMMB) were used in this study. Fluorescence due to bacterial growth was observed under 405-nm wavelength blue light using the quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) device. The red, green, and blue fluorescence values of colonies were obtained using image-analysis software and the red to green ratio (R/G value) and red to total RGB ratio (R/RGB value) were calculated for quantitative comparison.

Results

The QLF-D images of the AN, LC, and PI colonies showed red fluorescence in all media, but the fluorescence of all bacteria was reduced in TSA and BMM media, compared with in TSAB and BMMB media. Both the R/G and the R/RGB values of all bacteria were significantly reduced in growth media without blood (P<0.001).

Conclusions

Based on this in vitro study, it can be concluded that red fluorescence of oral bacteria can be affected by growth components, especially blood. Blood-containing medium could be a significant factor influencing red fluorescence of oral bacteria. It can be further hypothesized that bleeding in the oral cavity can increase the red fluorescence of dental plaque.

Keywords: QLF-D, Red fluorescence, Blood, Dental plaque, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Prevotella intermedia

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

QLF-D fluorescence image of L. casei, A. naeslundii, P. intermedia on each growth medium.

Table 1

The components of growth medium used in this study

Table 2

R/G and R/RGB value of each bacteria on TSA, TSAB, BMM, BMMB growth media

^*P<0.001 by Mann-Whitney test.

^**Kruskal-Wailis test, ^abcDuncan post-hoc test.

Notes

This work was supported by a 2-year Research Grant of Pusan National University.

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