Changes in bisphenol A concentrations in urine according to sealant filling in children

Ah Ra Shin; Ji-Hye Kim; Eun Suk Jeon; Yun-Sook Jung; Keun-Bae Song; Youn-Hee Choi

doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2017.41.4.231

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Shin, Kim, Jeon, Jung, Song, and Choi: Changes in bisphenol A concentrations in urine according to sealant filling in children

Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2017;41(4):231-236.

Published online: 15 December 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2017.41.4.231

Changes in bisphenol A concentrations in urine according to sealant filling in children

Ah Ra Shin¹, Ji-Hye Kim¹, Eun Suk Jeon², Yun-Sook Jung¹, Keun-Bae Song¹, Youn-Hee Choi^1,

¹Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

²Department of Dental Hygiene, Choonhae College of Health Sciences, Ulsan, Korea

Corresponding Author: Youn-Hee Choi Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Korea Tel: +82-53-660-6871 Fax: +82-53-423-2947 E-mail: cyh1001@knu.ac.kr

Received 8 March 2017 Revised 14 November 2017 Accepted 12 December 2017

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to investigate the changes in bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in urine from before to after sealant filling and the relationship between BPA and the number of teeth with sealed surfaces.

Methods

Thirty-one children aged 6 and 7 years from three elementary schools in Daegu city who did not have any sealant and resin filling were selected as subjects. Urine samples were collected before and after sealant filling until 24 hours, with informed consent from their caregivers. The BPA concentration in all the collected urine samples was analyzed at Seegene Medical. Statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman test, Scheirer-Ray-Hope test, and the repeated-measures generalized linear mixed model of SPSS version 22.0.

Results

The BPA concentrations increased from 3.49-μg/g creatinine before to 4.91-μg/g creatinine 2-3 hours later and to 4.15-μg/g creatinine after 24 hours. The more teeth with sealed surfaces, the higher the BPA concentration in children, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).

Conclusions

The BPA concentrations were highest at 2-3 hours after sealant filling and decreased at 24 hours. Exposure to the sealant appears to have a meaningful correlation with the concentration of BPA in the urine of children.

Keywords: Bisphenol A (BPA), Children, Sealant, Urine

References

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Fig. 1.

Urine sample preparation.

Fig. 2.

Change of creatinine adjusted BPA concentrations before and after sealant restoration.

Fig. 3.

Change of creatinine adjusted BPA concentrations according to the number of sealant surfaces.

Table 1.

Creatinine adjusted BPA concentrations according to number of dental sealant surfaces

	N (%)	BPA (mg/g Creatinine)			P-value^†
	N (%)	Before	After 2-3 hrs	After 24 hrs	Time^a)	Factor^b)	Time* factor^c)
Sealant surfaces					.062	.127	.613
≤6	4 (54.8)	3.38±1.38	4.81±1.33	3.66±1.19
≥7	27 (45.2)	3.50±3.30	4.92±4.37	4.21±3.21

^† Significances from Sheirer-Ray-Hare extension of Kruskal-Wallis test (P-value <0.05) on

^a) the experimental times,

^b) grouping factors (e.g. plastic use, wrap use, and canned food), and

^c) their interactions.

Table 2.

Change of creatinine adjusted BPA concentrations according to frequency of using plastic, wrap and eating canned food

	N (%)	BPA (mg/g Creatinine)			P-value^†
	N (%)	Before	After 2-3 hrs	After 24 hrs	Time^a)	Factor^b)	Time* factor^c)
Frequency of plastic use per month					.010*	.600	.514
Almost none	17 (54.8)	3.16±2.32	5.04±3.85	3.74±2.38
More than once	14 (45.2)	3.89±3.92	4.70±4.50	4.64±3.68
Frequency of wrap use per month					.091	.000*	.566
Almost none	12 (38.7)	5.50±3.93	7.50±5.01	5.74±3.71
More than once	19 (61.3)	2.22±1.51	3.27±2.27	3.14±2.01
Eating canned food per month					.059	.002*	.980
Almost none	7 (22.6)	2.54±1.92	4.07±4.22	3.13±2.33
More than once	24 (77.4)	3.76±3.36	5.15±4.10	4.44±3.18

^† Significances from Sheirer-Ray-Hare extension of Kruskal-Wallis test (P-value <0.05) on

^a) the experimental times,

^b) grouping factors (e.g. plastic use, wrap use, and canned food), and

^c) their interactions. and “Before<After 2-3H” was significantly different in ‘frequency of plastic use’ from multiple comparison with Bonferroni corrected Mann-Whiteny test (P-value=0.018).

Table 3.

Repeated measures generalized linear mixed model results for log-transformed creatinine corrected BPA

	Log BPA (mg/g Creatinine)		P-value	95% CI
	Coefficient/Estimate	SE	P-value	Lower	Upper
Time			0.012^†
Sealant surfaces			0.808
Time
Before	ref.
After 2-3 hrs	0.332	0.105	0.005^†	0.104	0.559
After 24 hrs	0.263	0.129	0.045^†	0.006	0.520
Sealant surfaces
≤6	ref.
≥7	―0.083	0.341	0.808	―0.761	0.595
	AIC=201.24		BIC=217.28

^† P-value <0.05: adjusted for frequency of using plastic, wrap and eating canned food. Effect of the interaction between Time and Sealant surfaces was not significant (P-value=0.869).

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