Association of the number of existing permanent teeth with the intake of macronutrients and macrominerals in adults aged 55-84 years based on the 5th KNHNES (2010-2012)

Eun-Joo Jun; Hyun-Hee Cho; Se-Yeon Kim; Han-Na Kim; Jin-Bom Kim

doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.2.85

Journal List > J Korean Acad Oral Health > v.40(2) > 1057719

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Jun, Cho, Kim, Kim, and Kim: Association of the number of existing permanent teeth with the intake of macronutrients and macrominerals in adults aged 55-84 years based on the 5th KNHNES (2010-2012)

Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2016;40(2):85-91.

Published online: 15 June 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.2.85

Association of the number of existing permanent teeth with the intake of macronutrients and macrominerals in adults aged 55-84 years based on the 5th KNHNES (2010-2012)

Eun-Joo Jun¹, Hyun-Hee Cho¹, Se-Yeon Kim^1,², Han-Na Kim³, Jin-Bom Kim^1,^2,

¹Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea

²BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea

³Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Korea

Corresponding Author: Jin-Bom Kim Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea Tel: +82-51-510-8223 Fax: +82-51-510-8221 E-mail: jbomkim@pusan.ac.kr

Received 11 March 2016 Revised 26 April 2016 Accepted 20 May 2016

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between energy sources, fiber and mineral intake, and the number of existing permanent teeth in adults aged 55-84 years from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) (2010-2012).

Methods

The subjects included 6,763 people who received oral examinations and answered questions on household income, smoking status and diet. We estimated the number of existing permanent teeth and food intake according to age group, sex, household income, and smoking status. A complex samples general linear model was applied to analyze the effect of nutrient intake on the number of existing permanent teeth adjusted for sex, household income, smoking status, and food intake. We calculated the mean intake of nutrients related to the number of existing permanent teeth in each tooth group.

Results

The reduction in the number of existing permanent teeth correlated with an increased carbohydrate intake and a decreased potassium intake. The carbohydrate intake was lower in subjects with 25 or more teeth than that in subjects with 9 or less teeth. Potassium intake was higher in subjects with 20 or more teeth.

Conclusions

The number of existing permanent teeth showed a negative correlation with carbohydrate intake and a positive correlation with potassium intake. We should reduce carbohydrate intake and increased potassium intake from fruits and vegetables to prevent systemic disease caused by tooth loss.

Keywords: Carbohydrate, Mineral, Nutrient, Permanent teeth, Potassium

References

1. Kim HN, Ha TG, Kim MJ, Jun EJ, Jeong SH, Kim JB. Factors related to number of present teeth in Korean elderly adults aged 55-84 years. Int J Dent Hygiene. 2015; Apr 10 [Epub]. DOI:10.1111/ idh.12151.

2. Wayler AH, Chauncey HH. Impact of complete dentures and impaired natural dentition on masticatory performance and food choice in healthy aging men. J Prosthet Dent. 1983; 49:427–433.

3. Shin BM, Jung SH. Socio-economic inequalities in tooth loss and chewing difficulty in the Korean elderly. J Korean Acad Oral Health. 2012; 36:195–202.

4. Park JE, An HJ, Jung SU, Lee YN, Kim CI, Jang YA. Characteristics of the dietary intake of Korean elderly by chewing ability using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010. J Nutr Health. 2013; 46:285–295.

5. Hutton B, Feine J, Morais J. Is there an association between edentulism and nutrition state? J Am Dent Assoc. 2002; 68:182–187.

6. Joshipurs KJ, Willett WC, Douglass CW. The impact of edentu-lousness on food intake and nutrient intake. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996; 127:459–467.

7. Wakai K, Naito M, Naito T, Kojima M, Nakagaki H, Umemura O, et al. Tooth loss and intakes of nutrients and foods: a nationwide survey of Japanese dentists. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010; 38:43–49.

8. Zhu Y, Hollis JH. Tooth loss and its association with dietary intake and diet quality in American adults. J Dent. 2014; 42:1428–1435.

9. Beck JD, Offenbacher S. The association between periodontal diseases and cardiovascular diseases: a state-of-the-science review. Ann Periodontol. 2001; 6:9–15.

10. Hung HC, Colditz G, Joshipura KJ. The association between tooth loss and the self-reported intake of selected CVD-related nutirents and food among US women. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005; 33:167–173.

11. Yamori M, Njelekela M, Mtabaji J, Yamori Y, Bessho K. Hypertension, periodontal disease, and potassium intake in nonsmoking, nondrinker African women on no medication. Int J Hypertens. 2011; Jun 15 [Epub]. DOI:10.4061/2011/695719.

12. The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans 2015 (Summary). Seoul: Ministry of Health & Welfare;2015. p. vi–xi.

13. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V). Seoul: Ministry of Health & Welfare;2010-2012.

14. Paek KW, Lee SJ. Correlation between vitamin C intake and periodontal disease: The Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010. J Korean Acad Oral Health. 2014; 38:82–89.

15. Won YS, Choi CH, Oh HN. Risk factors of periodontal disease in Korean adults. J Korean Acad Oral Health. 2014; 38:176–183.

16. Kim GS, Kim BO, Park JS, Yeon JA, Lee MH, Lee CH, et al. Textbook in Technology and Home Economics for First Year Middle School. Seoul: Won Textbook Co.;2016. p. 69–70.

17. Shin BM, Bae SM, Ryu DY, Choi YK. The relationship between the numbers of natural teeth and nutritional status of elderly in Korea-based on 2007-2009 national health and nutrition survey data. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg. 2012; 12:521–531.

18. Sheiham A, Steele JG, Marcenes W, Lowe C, Finch S, Bates CJ, et al. The relationship among dental status, nutrient intake, and nutritional status in older people. J Dent Res. 2001; 80:408–413.

19. Nowjack-Raymer RE, Sheiham A. Association of edentulism and diet and nutrition in US adults. J Dent Res. 2003; 82:123–126.

20. Kim HY, Lee HJ, Park CE, Kim YS. Study on the dietary behavior and local products for menu development of the elderly in Yeongi Chungnam. Korean J Food Culture. 2007; 22:775–782.

21. Kim KM, Kwon JS. Nutritional and health status of the elderly living in songnam Ⅱ. Dietary habits and nutrient intakes. Korean J Food & Nutr. 2004; 17:420–428.

22. Hu FB. Plant-based foods and prevention of cardiovascular disease: an overview. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003; 78:544S–551S.

23. He FJ, Nowson CA, MacGregor GA. Fruit and vegetable consumption and stroke: meta-analysis of cohort studies. Lancet. 2006; 367:320–326.

24. Shibata T, Murakami T, Nakagaki H, Narita N, Goshima M, Sugiyama T, et al. Calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium intakes in Japanese children aged 3 to 5 years. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008; 17:441–445.

25. Vormann J, Remer T. Dietary, metabolic, physiologic, and disease-related aspects of acid-base balance: foreword to the contributions of the Second International Acid-Base Symposium. J Nutr. 2008; 138:413S–414S.

26. Frassetto LA, Morris RC, Sellmeyer DE, Sebastian A. Adverse effects of sodium chloride on bone in the aging human population resulting from habitual consumption of typical American diets. J Nutr. 2008; 138:419S–422S.

27. Choi MJ. Bone Health and Calcium, Vitamin D, Potassium: Shortfall Nutrients in Korean. Korean J Obes. 2013; 22:129–136.

Table 1.

General characteristics of subjects by age

Variables	Contents	Total		55-64		65-74		75-84		P
Variables	Contents	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	P
	Total	6,763	100.0	2,875	50.0	2,655	33.4	1,233	16.6
Gender	Male	2,905	45.2	1,227	48.9	1,188	44.5	490	35.6	<0.001
	Female	3,858	54.8	1,648	51.1	1,467	55.5	743	64.4
Household income*	Low	2,540	34.9	513	17.3	1,268	47.9	759	61.7	<0.001
	Middle-low	1,798	26.8	814	28.0	732	28.3	252	20.0
	Middle-high	1,271	20.4	758	28.0	394	14.4	119	9.8
	high	1,154	17.9	790	26.7	261	9.5	103	8.5
Smoking	Current	911	15.3	437	18.3	341	13.1	133	10.3	<0.001
	Stop	1,781	27.0	677	26.1	738	27.6	366	28.3
	Never	4,071	57.8	1,761	55.5	1,576	59.3	734	61.4

The data was analysed by complex samples crosstabs. *Household income: Quartile of monthly income/ the number of people per family.

Table 2.

The number of existing permanent teeth and food intake according to variables

Variables	Contents	Number of teeth		P	Food intake (g/day)		P
Variables	Contents	Mean	SE	P	Mean	SE	P
	Total	19.96	0.18	<0.001	1,278.86	16.68
Age	55-64	23.15^a	0.18	1,466.66^a	22.26	<0.001
	65-74	18.66^b	0.24		1,179.30^b	20.24
	75-84	12.95^c	0.34		914.03^c	17.85
Gender*	Male	20.16	0.21	0.177	1,485.18	21.21	<0.001
	Female	19.79	0.19		1,108.58	16.84
Household income*	Low	19.00^a	0.24	<0.001	1,169.61^a	22.92	<0.001
	Middle-low	19.97^b	0.28		1,229.32^a	27.22
	Middle-high	20.86^c	0.32		1,351.65^b	29.07
	high	20.78^c	0.29		1,482.86^c	31.04
Smoking*	Current	17.37^a	0.38	<0.001	1,360.00^a	38.21	<0.001
	Stop	20.62^b	0.24		1,502.96^b	25.82
	Never	20.33^b	0.17		1,152.79^c	16.63

The data was analysed by complex samples general linear model. *Covariates appearing in the model are fixed at the following values: age=65.77.

^a bcGroups with different letters were significantly different (P<0.05).

Table 3.

Effect of variables on the number of existing permanent teeth

Variables	Estimate	SE	P	R²
Energy intake (kcal/day)	―0.0006	0.00	0.041	0.212
Protein (g/day)	0.0051	0.01	0.353	0.211
Fat (g/day)	0.0027	0.01	0.638	0.211
Carbohydrate (g/day)	―0.0037	0.00	0.004	0.213
Fiber (g/day)	0.0253	0.01	0.046	0.212
Calcium (mg/day)	0.0004	0.00	0.396	0.211
Phosphorus (mg/day)	0.0007	0.00	0.124	0.212
Sodium (mg/day)	0.0000	0.00	0.880	0.211
Potassium (mg/day)	0.0004	0.00	0.001	0.213

The data was analysed by complex samples general linear model. Model: The number of existing permanent teeth=(Intercept)+gender+ household income+smoking status+age+food intake+variable. Bold values denote statistical significance at P<0.05.

Table 4.

Linear relationships between variables and the number of existing permanent teeth (R²=0.217)

Variables	Contents	Estimate	SE	P
(Intercept)		50.3537	1.23	<0.001
Gender	Male	2.1177	0.39	<0.001
	Female	Ref.
Household income	Low	―1.1561	0.38	0.002
	Middle-low	―.4968	0.38	0.189
	Middle-high	.2400	0.41	0.561
	high	Ref.
Smoking	Current	―4.5755	0.47	<0.001
	Stop	―1.6377	0.37	<0.001
	Never	Ref.
Age		―.4544	0.02	<0.001
Food intake (g)		.0002	0.00	0.568
Energy intake (kcal)		.0002	0.00	0.762
Protein (g)		―.0138	0.01	0.194
Fat (g)		―.0050	0.01	0.553
Carbohydrate (g)		―.0076	0.00	0.002
Fiber (g)		.0108	0.02	0.548
Calcium (mg)		―.0007	0.00	0.191
Phosphorus (mg)		.0019	0.00	0.034
Sodium (mg)		.0000	0.00	0.972
Potassium (mg)		.0004	0.00	0.005

The data was analysed by complex samples general linear model. Model: The number of existing permanent teeth=(Intercept)+gender+ho usehold income+smoking status+age+ food intake+energy intake+protei n+fat+carbohydrate+fiber+calcium+ phosphorus+sodium+potassium. Bold values denote statistical significance at P<0.05.

Table 5.

Intake of carbohydrate, potassium by age group

Age	Carbohydrate energy (%)*	Carbohydrate (g)^†		P	Potassium (mg)^†		P
Age	Carbohydrate energy (%)*	Mean	SE	P	Mean	SE	P
Total	73.4	316.57	2.69	<0.001	2,843.45	28.50	0.140
55-64	69.7	323.05	4.00	Ref.	2,862.49	40.48	Ref.
65-74	74.1	323.21	3.34	0.980	2,878.36	37.24	0.812
75-84	76.4	303.46	7.52	0.065	2,789.50	77.55	0.505

The data was analysed by complex samples general linear model. Carbohydrate intake (g)×4 kcal×100/energy intake (kcal)

¹⁶⁾ . Covariates appearing in the model are fixed at the following values: age=65.77, P<0.05.

^† Covariates appearing in the model are fixed at the following values: age=65.77; food intake=1278.86.

Table 6.

Intake of carbohydrate and potassium by the number of existing permanent teeth

Number of teeth⁷⁾	Carbohydrate energy (%)*	Carbohydrate (g)^†		P	Potassium (mg)^†		P
Mean	Carbohydrate energy (%)*	SE	Mean	P	SE		P
Total	72.8	321.69	1.96	0.022	2,827.10	21.63	0.001
0-9	74.7	324.42	3.63	Ref.	2,732.08	41.75	Ref.
10-19	73.4	325.97	3.65	0.732	2,790.53	38.86	0.229
20-24	72.6	321.85	2.98	0.556	2,849.55	39.34	0.018
25-32	70.6	314.52	2.55	0.022	2,936.25	26.08	<0.001

The data was analysed by complex samples general linear model. Carbohydrate intake (g)×4 kcal×100/energy intake (kcal)

¹⁶⁾ . Covariates appearing in the model are fixed at the following values: age=65.77, P<0.05. Covariates appearing in the model are fixed at the following values: age=65.77; food intake=1278.86.

TOOLS

Similar articles