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Kim, Jeong, Kim, Ha, Moon, Choi, and Hong: Remineralisation effect of 1,500 ppm fluoride-containing toothpaste in enamel early caries lesion
Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2016;40(4):270-276.

Published online: 15 December 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.4.270

Remineralisation effect of 1,500 ppm fluoride-containing toothpaste in enamel early caries lesion

Ae-Ok Kim1, Seong-Soog Jeong1, 2, Da-Eun Kim1, Won- Ho Ha3, Kyo-tae Moon3, Choong-Ho Choi1, 2, Suk-Jin Hong1, 2,

1Department of Preventive & Public Health Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea

2Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea

3LG Household & Health Care Research Park, Daejeon, Korea

Corresponding Author: Suk-Jin Hong Department of Preventive & Public Health Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 33 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea Tel: +82-62-530-5835 Fax: +82-62-225-9618 E-mail: sjhong@chonnam.ac.kr

Received 5 December 2016       Revised 10 December 2016       Accepted 19 December 2016

Copyright © 2016 by Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

We compared the effects of a 1,500 ppm fluoride-containing toothpaste and a 1,000 ppm fluoride-containing toothpaste, which were revised up to the recent revision, and evaluated their effects on the tooth surface after adding bamboo salt to the preparations.

Methods

Experimental early artificial caries specimens were subjected to one of four treatments (n=12 per treatment group): 1,500 ppm NaF, 2% bamboo salt+1,000 ppm NaF, 1,000 ppm NaF, and control treatment. The specimens were exposed to the experimental toothpaste, artificial saliva, and demineralized solution. The treated specimens were analyzed using Vickers surface hardness testing, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy.

Results

The toothpaste with a high fluoride concentration (1,500 ppm NaF) showed more remineralization than did the toothpaste with a low fluoride concentration (1,000 ppm NaF). The 2% bamboo salt+1,000 ppm NaF group showed remineralization similar to the 1,500 ppm NaF group and higher surface microhardness than the 1,000 ppm NaF group.

Conclusions

Toothpastes containing 1,500 ppm NaF have a higher preventive effect against dental caries than do toothpastes containing 1,000 ppm NaF. The addition of bamboo salt to fluoride-containing dentifrices improves their effectiveness in preventing dental caries.

Keywords: Bamboo salt, Early enamel caries, Remineralization, 1500 ppm fluoride

References

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Fig. 1.
SEM images of bovine teeth surface after treatment (A: 1,500 ppm NaF, B: 1,000 ppm NaF+2% BS, C: 1,000 ppm NaF, D: free fluoride, 1: ×50,000, 2: ×100,000).
jkaoh-40-270f1.tif
Fig. 2.
AFM images of bovine teeth surface after treatment (A: 1,500 ppm NaF, B: 1,000 ppm NaF + 2% BS, C: 1,000 ppm NaF, D: free fluoride).
jkaoh-40-270f2.tif
Table 1.
Test groups for the study
Group Fluoride Bamboo salt Abrasive
1 1,500 ppm NaF -
2 1,000 ppm NaF 2% Silica
3 1,000 ppm NaF -
4 Free -
Table 2.
Time table for treatment solution and artificial saliva cycle for the period of 15 days
Time Treatment
09:00-09:03 Treatment Solution (Dentifrice)
09:03-11:00 Artificial Saliva*
11:00-11:03 Treatment Solution (Dentifrice)
11:03-14:00 Artificial Saliva
14:00-17:00 Demineralizing Solution†
17:00-17:03 Treatment Solution (Dentifrice)
17:03-Next morning Artificial Saliva

*The artificial saliva used in this study contained; 0.22% Gastric mucin, 0.0381% NaCl, 0.0213% CaCl2·2H2O, 0.0738%, KH2PO4, 0.114% KCl.

† Demineralization solution used in this study contained; 0.1M lactic acid 0.2% carbopol solution and 50% saturated HAP.

Table 3.
Effects of the different dentifrices on lesion surface hardness according to chemical cycling methods (unit: VHN)
Group N Treatment
 Difference*
Before (0 day) After (15 day) (△VHN)
1,500 ppm NaF 12 36.57±5.19 146.94±14.16 110.36±15.26a
1,000 ppm NaF+2% BS 12 36.70±5.00 141.33±12.49 104.63±13.23a,b
1,000 ppm NaF 12 36.68±4.94 130.88±17.45 94.19±15.95b
Free Fluoride 12 36.72±4.79 55.54±3.87 18.82±4.71c

BS: Bamboo salt. Values are mean±SD. *P<0.05, by one way ANOVA.

a,b,c The same letter indicates no significant difference by Duncan’s test at α=0.05.

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