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Oh and Choi: Effect of bamboo salt on the caries activity of Streptococcus mutans
Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2016;40(4):238-243.

Published online: 15 December 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.4.238

Effect of bamboo salt on the caries activity of Streptococcus mutans

Han-Na Oh1, Choong-Ho Choi2, 3,

1Department of Dental Hygiene, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan, Korea

2Department of Preventive & Public Health Dentistry, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea

3Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea

Corresponding Author: Choong-Ho Choi Department of Preventive & Public Health Dentistry, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, 33 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea Tel: +82-62-530-5834 Fax: +82-62-530-5835 E-mail: hochoi@chonnam.ac.kr

Received 11 October 2016       Revised 29 November 2016       Accepted 30 November 2016

Copyright © 2016 by Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-caries activity of bamboo salt on Streptococcus mutans.

Methods

The pH of bamboo salt, bay salt, and NaCl were measured at concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%. At 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 h, the growth and acid production of S. mutans was measured using a spectrophotometer and pH meter, respectively.

Results

The growth of S. mutans remarkably reduced with the addition of 1% NaCl. Bamboo salt showed effective growth inhibition at concentrations higher than 3%. Bay salt showed effective growth inhibition at concentrations higher than 5% (P<0.01). At salt concentrations of 1%, the pH value of bacterial culture broth reduced to below 5.5 after 12 h. Bamboo salt and NaCl reduced acid production at concentrations higher than 3%. Moreover, bay salt decreased acid production at concentrations higher than 5%.

Conclusions

These results showed that the bamboo salt inhibited growth and acid production of S. mutans. Thus, bamboo salt can be considered a useful material for the prevention of dental caries.

Keywords: Bamboo salt, Dental caries, Streptococcus mutans

References

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Table 1.
The pH of experimental solutions Unit: Mean±SD
Concentration (%) pH
Bamboo salt NaCl Bay salt
1* 9.31±0.04a 6.05±0.09c 6.73±0.05b
3* 9.52±0.09a 6.11±0.06c 6.94±0.03b
5* 9.69±0.06a 6.13±0.07c 7.10±0.08b
10* 9.89±0.01a 6.15±0.04c 7.22±0.06b

a,b,c The letter indicates significant difference by Mann-Whitney test at each concentration. *P<0.05, by Kruskal-Wallis test.

Table 2.
Growth of Streptococcus mutans in 1% experimental solutions Unit: Mean±SD
Time (hr) Group
Controlc Bamboo saltb NaCla Bay saltc
0 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00
3 0.005±0.00 0.006±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.006±0.00
6 0.007±0.00 0.006±0.00 0.002±0.00 0.007±0.00
9 0.016±0.00 0.006±0.00 0.002±0.00 0.010±0.00
12 0.034±0.00 0.008±0.00 0.002±0.00 0.025±0.00
15 0.035±0.00 0.015±0.00 0.002±0.00 0.035±0.00
18 0.034±0.00 0.021±0.00 0.002±0.00 0.033±0.00
21 0.032±0.00 0.027±0.00 0.002±0.00 0.033±0.00
24 0.032±0.00 0.026±0.00 0.001±0.00 0.033±0.00

a.b,c The letter indicates significant difference by Tukey, at α=0.05. *P<0.01, by repeated measures ANOVA.

Table 3.
Growth of Streptococcus mutans in 3% experimenta solutions Unit: Mean±S
Time (hr) Group
Controlc Bamboo salta NaCla Bay saltb
0 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00
3 0.005±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.006±0.00
6 0.007±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.007±0.00
9 0.012±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.006±0.00
12 0.034±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.007±0.00
15 0.035±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.009±0.00
18 0.034±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.013±0.02
21 0.032±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.020±0.00
24 0.032±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.026±0.00

a.b,c The letter indicates significant difference by Tukey, at α=0.05. *P<0.01, by repeated measures ANOVA.

Table 4.
Growth of Streptococcus mutans in 5% experimental solutions Unit: Mean±SD
Time (hr) Group
Controld Bamboo saltb NaCla Bay saltc
0 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00
3 0.005±0.00 0.007±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.010±0.00
6 0.007±0.00 0.007±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.012±0.00
9 0.012±0.00 0.007±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.012±0.00
12 0.034±0.00 0.007±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.012±0.00
15 0.035±0.00 0.007±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.013±0.00
18 0.034±0.00 0.007±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.013±0.00
21 0.032±0.00 0.007±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.015±0.00
24 0.032±0.00 0.007±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.016±0.00

a.b,c,d The letter indicates significant difference by Tukey, at α=0.05. *P<0.01, by repeated measures ANOVA.

Table 5.
Growth of Streptococcus mutans in 10% experimenta solutions Unit: Mean±SD
Time (hr) Group
Controlc Bamboo salta NaCla Bay saltb
0 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00
3 0.005±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.006±0.00
6 0.007±0.00 0.007±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.007±0.00
9 0.012±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.006±0.00
12 0.034±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.007±0.00
15 0.035±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.007±0.00
18 0.034±0.00 0.003±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.006±0.00
21 0.032±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.014±0.00
24 0.032±0.00 0.004±0.00 0.005±0.00 0.010±0.00

a .b,cThe letter indicates significant difference by Tukey, at α=0.05. *P<0.01, by repeated measures ANOVA.

Table 6.
Acid production by Streptococcus mutans in 1% experimenta solutions Unit: Mean±S
Time (hr) pH
Controla NaClb Bay saltb Bamboo saltc
0 7.29±0.04 7.24±0.03 7.26±0.01 7.59±0.02
2 7.28±0.04 7.21±0.04 7.25±0.02 7.58±0.01
4 7.18±0.02 7.16±0.03 7.19±0.02 7.57±0.01
8 6.26±0.03 6.58±0.01 6.53±0.01 7.13±0.00
12 4.14±0.04 4.98±0.04 4.82±0.02 5.36±0.07
16 4.11±0.01 4.18±0.09 4.18±0.04 4.34±0.02
24 4.05±0.01 4.08±0.03 4.09±0.01 4.17±0.02

a.b,c The letter indicates significant difference by Tukey, at α=0.05. *P<0.01, by repeated measures ANOVA.

Table 7.
Acid production by Streptococcus mutans in 3% experimental solutions Unit: Mean±SD
Time (hr) pH
Controla NaClc Bay saltb Bamboo saltd
0 7.29±0.04 7.13±0.01 7.23±0.02 8.01±0.03
2 7.28±0.04 7.12±0.02 7.14±0.03 8.02±0.01
4 7.18±0.02 7.10±0.02 7.08±0.01 8.03±0.02
8 6.26±0.03 7.06±0.01 6.91±0.01 8.03±0.03
12 4.14±0.04 6.95±0.01 6.42±0.03 7.84±0.03
16 4.11±0.01 6.71±0.06 4.87±0.01 7.34±0.04
24 4.05±0.02 6.69±0.02 4.25±0.00 6.00±0.07

a.b,c,d The letter indicates significant difference by Tukey, at α=0.05. *P<0.01, by repeated measures ANOVA.

Table 8.
Acid production by Streptococcus mutans in 5% experimenta solutions Unit: Mean±SD
Time (hr) pH
Controla NaClc Bay saltb Bamboo saltd
0 7.29±0.04 7.06±0.03 7.26±0.01 8.24±0.04
2 7.28±0.04 7.07±0.01 7.06±0.03 8.25±0.04
4 7.18±0.02 7.05±0.01 7.02±0.01 8.27±0.02
8 6.26±0.03 7.04±0.00 7.00±0.01 8.26±0.04
12 4.14±0.04 7.00±0.03 6.89±0.01 8.27±0.03
16 4.11±0.01 6.99±0.01 6.54±0.01 8.03±0.01
24 4.05±0.02 6.98±0.01 6.21±0.01 8.37±0.01

a.b,c,d The letter indicates significant difference by Tukey, at α=0.05. *P<0.01, by repeated measures ANOVA.

Table 9.
Acid production by Streptococcus mutans in 10% experimenta solutions Unit: Mean±SD
Time (hr) pH
Controla NaClb Bay saltb Bamboo saltc
0 7.29±0.04 7.04±0.02 7.22±0.02 8.67±0.01
2 7.28±0.04 7.03±0.05 7.22±0.02 8.66±0.01
4 7.18±0.02 7.00±0.04 7.20±0.02 8.64±0.01
8 6.26±0.03 7.01±0.03 7.17±0.01 8.64±0.02
12 4.14±0.04 6.98±0.04 6.89±0.06 8.60±0.04
16 4.11±0.01 6.94±0.06 6.64±0.06 8.33±0.02
24 4.05±0.02 6.93±0.04 6.73±0.03 8.69±0.04

a.b,c The letter indicates significant difference by Tukey, at α=0.05. *P<0.01, by repeated measures ANOVA.

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