The relationship of quality of health-related life with the status of oral health in adults

Ye Hwang Kim; Jung Hwa Lee

doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.3.165

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Kim and Lee: The relationship of quality of health-related life with the status of oral health in adults

Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2016;40(3):165-170.

Published online: 15 September 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.3.165

The relationship of quality of health-related life with the status of oral health in adults

Ye Hwang Kim¹, Jung Hwa Lee^1,^2,^3,

¹Department of Biomedical Health Science, Graduate School, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea

²Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Nursing and Healthcare Sciences, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea

³Research Institution of Nursing and Healthy Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea

Corresponding Author: Jung Hwa Lee Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Nursing and Healthcare Sciences, Dong-Eui University, 176 Eomgwang-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47340, Korea Tel: +82-51-890-4239 Fax: +82-51-505-6878 E-mail: yamako93@deu.ac.kr

Received 25 July 2016 Revised 19 August 2016 Accepted 2 September 2016

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to use the components of the European Quality of Life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) scale to investigate the oral health status and health-related quality of life of adults in order to collect basic data on how to improve quality of life.

Methods

This study was conducted in 2014. Data from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (sixth term; 2 years) were analyzed by utilizing the raw information from the disease management headquarters. The 2,805 subjects were 19 to 59-year-old adults who were not missing values of the main missing value of oral health status in variables and the EQ-5D. Statistical analysis was performed by frequency analysis and chi-squared (χ²) and t-tests. Analysis of variance was performed using multiple regression analysis. The significance level was determined to be 0.05.

Results

Dental pain and mobility (P<0.005), pain and discomfort (P<0.005), chewing problems and speaking discomfort, anxiety and depression (P<0.05), subjective oral health awareness, mobility (P<0.001), self-care (P<0.05), usual activities (P<0.05), pain and discomfort (P<0.005) were significantly related. In the effect on the components of the EQ-5D by logistic regression analysis, gender, age, education level, household income, chewing problems, and periodontal disease prevalence were significant variables in the quality of health-related life.

Conclusions

The results showed that oral health status significantly influenced the quality of life in adults. Through the recognition of the impact of oral health on health-related quality of life, we expect that the data from this study will help promote the development of oral health and oral health education programs for the maintenance and promotion of adult health.

Keywords: Adult, EuroQol-5 dimension(EQ-5D), Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHNE), Oral health status

References

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Table 1.

Characteristics of the study subjects

Variables		N	%
Gender	Male	1,157	49.9
	Female	1,722	50.1
Age	20s	463	22.4
	30s	789	25.7
	40s	772	26.6
	50s	855	25.3
Education level	Middle school	446	13.3
	High school	1,155	42.9
	College or university	1,278	43.8
Household income	Lower	212	7.1
	Lower middle	677	23.9
	Middle high	997	34.4
	High	993	34.6
Smoking habits	Never	1,782	56.4
	Current	1,097	43.6
Total		2,879	100.0

Table 2.

Distribution of EQ-5D levels according to demographic and socioeconomic status

	Classification	EQ-5D
	Classification	M±SD	P-value*
Gender	Male	0.96±0.004	0.000
	Female	0.94±0.005
Age	20s	0.96±0.004	0.001
	30s	0.96±0.005
	40s	0.96±0.005
	≥50s	0.94±0.006
Education level	Middle school	0.94±0.007	0.000
	High school	0.96±0.004
	College or university	0.96±0.004
Household income	Lower	0.92±0.013	0.000
	Lower middle	0.96±0.003
	Middle high	0.97±0.003
	High	0.97±0.003
Smoking habits	Never	0.96±0.004	0.041
	Current	0.95±0.005

*By t-test or one-way ANOVA.

Table 3.

Bivariate association between oral health status and health related quality of life

Variable	Mobility		Self-care		Usual activities		Pain/discomfort		Anxiety/depression
	No	Any	No	Any	No	Any	No	Any	No	Any
	problem	problem	problem	problem	problem	problem	problem	problem	problem	problem
Oral pain
Yes	990 (92.4)	84 (7.6)	1,050 (98.0)	24 (2.0)	1,024 (95.4)	50 (4.6)	835 (77.9)	239 (22.1)	957 (89.8)	117 (10.2)
No	1,710 (95.6)	95 (4.4)	1,784 (98.9)	21 (1.1)	1,750 (96.9)	55 (3.1)	1,490 (83.3)	315 (16.7)	1,640 (90.4)	165 (9.6)
P-value		0.001		0.080		0.077		0.003		0.608
Chewing problem
Yes	375 (86.7)	67 (13.3)	425 (96.4)	17 (3.6)	403 (91.8)	39 (8.2)	297 (68.0)	145 (32.0)	367 (85.3)	75 (14.7)
Average	396 (93.8)	35 (6.2)	422 (98.4)	9 (1.6)	409 (95.1)	22 (4.9)	327 (76.7)	104 (23.3)	377 (86.1)	54 (13.9)
No	1,929 (96.2)	77 (3.8)	1,987 (99.0)	19 (1.0)	1,962 (97.5)	44 (2.5)	1,701 (85.0)	305 (15.0)	1,853 (92.0)	153 (8.0)
P-value		0.000		0.003		0.000		0.000		0.000
Speaking problem
Yes	108 (80.1)	30 (19.9)	128 (92.7)	10 (7.3)	117 (85.2)	21 (14.8)	75 (52.2)	63 (47.8)	105 (82.4)	33 (17.6)
Average	205 (92.0)	27 (8.0)	227 (98.3)	5 (1.7)	214 (93.8)	18 (6.2)	181 (80.6)	51 (19.4)	200 (85.8)	32 (14.2)
No	2,387 (95.4)	122 (4.6)	2,479 (98.9)	30 (1.1)	2,443 (97.2)	66 (2.8)	2,069 (82.9)	440 (17.1)	2,292 (91.0)	217 (9.0)
P-value		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.004
Perceived oral health
Poor	1,066 (91.8)	99 (8.2)	1,138 (97.6)	27 (2.4)	1,106 (94.9)	59 (5.1)	902 (77.9)	263 (22.1)	1,033 (88.7)	132 (11.3)
Average	1,215 (96.1)	63 (3.9)	1,264 (99.3)	14 (0.7)	1,240 (97.1)	38 (2.9)	1,055 (82.8)	223 (17.2)	1,169 (91.4)	109 (8.6)
Good	419 (96.8)	17 (3.2)	432 (98.9)	4 (1.1)	428 (97.9)	8 (2.1)	368 (85.8)	68 (14.2)	395 (90.6)	41 (9.4)
P-value		0.000		0.012		0.015		0.001		0.130

Values are presented as N, unweighted (%). P-value was by chi-square test.

Table 4.

The oral health status and health-related quality of life according to demographic and socioeconomic status

	EQ-5D
	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
	ß	SE	P-value	ß	SE	P-value	ß	SE	P-value
Gender (Male)	0.012	0.003	0.000	0.017	0.004	0.000	0.015	0.004	0.000
Age
20s	0.015	0.005	0.001	0.010	0.005	0.044	0.014	0.005	0.006
30s	0.012	0.004	0.008	0.008	0.005	0.083	0.012	0.005	0.017
40s	0.014	0.004	0.001	0.009	0.005	0.046	0.010	0.004	0.022
50s
Education background
Middle school	―0.026	0.006	0.000	―0.021	0.006	0.001	―0.021	0.006	0.001
High school	―0.006	0.003	0.024	―0.006	0.003	0.034	―0.006	0.003	0.036
College or university
Monthly income
<100	―0.049	0.012	0.000	―0.045	0.012	0.000	―0.047	0.012	0.000
100-200	―0.012	0.004	0.003	―0.009	0.004	0.034	―0.009	0.004	0.026
200-250	0.001	0.003	0.777	0.001	0.003	0.738	0.001	0.003	0.781
250≤
Smoking habits (Never)				0.005	0.004	0.189	0.006	0.004	0.139
Perceived oral health
Yes				0.002	0.004	0.630	0.003	0.004	0.480
Average				0.001	0.003	0.672	0.002	0.003	0.552
No
Oral pain (Yes)				―0.001	0.003	0.667	―0.001	0.003	0.674
Chewing problem
Yes				―0.014	0.007	0.036	―0.015	0.007	0.022
Average				―0.012	0.005	0.016	―0.014	0.005	0.007
No
Speaking problem
Yes				―0.041	0.015	0.006	―0.041	0.015	0.007
Average				0.002	0.006	0.711	0.001	0.006	0.884
No
Periodontal disease (No)							―0.010	0.003	0.003
Adjusted R²		0.071			0.096			0.100

*By multiple regression analysis.

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