Pattern of dental caries in Korean adolescents with a high risk of caries

In-Ja Kim; Hyun-Jeong Ju; Sun-Ho Lee; Ja-Young Na; Hyo-Won Oh; Heung-Soo Lee

doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.2.126

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Kim, Ju, Lee, Na, Oh, and Lee: Pattern of dental caries in Korean adolescents with a high risk of caries

Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2016;40(2):126-132.

Published online: 15 June 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.2.126

Pattern of dental caries in Korean adolescents with a high risk of caries

In-Ja Kim, Hyun-Jeong Ju, Sun-Ho Lee, Ja-Young Na, Hyo-Won Oh, Heung-Soo Lee

Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea

Corresponding Author: Heung-Soo Lee Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea Tel: +82-63-850-6851 Fax: +82-63-850-6851 E-mail: smagn@wonkwang.ac.kr

Received 9 May 2016 Revised 15 June 2016 Accepted 24 June 2016

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to analyze the pattern of dental caries in a high-risk group of Korean adolescents.

Methods

Raw data on 10,542 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 15 years from the 2012 Korean National Oral Health Survey was used. The subjects were divided into a high caries risk group and non-high caries risk group for analysis. For the statistical analyses, we utilized a frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and a multidimensional scaling analysis.

Results

The pattern of dental caries in the high caries risk group were divided into six classifications for 12-year-olds and five for 15-year-olds, including the mandibular first molar occlusal surface (Cluster 1). In the high caries risk group, the frequency of Cluster 1 was approximately 4-times higher in 12-year-olds than that in the non-high caries risk group of Cluster 1, and about 3-times higher in 15-year-olds. The multidimensional scaling analysis found that in the high caries risk group, the same types of tooth surfaces formed separate groups. The prevalent dental caries pattern of 12-year-olds in the high caries risk group was left-right symmetry, while in the 15-year-olds of the high caries risk group, the caries pattern also included the antagonistic teeth, along with left-right symmetry. However, the non-high caries risk group had a pattern of left-right symmetry only in the 15-year-olds.

Conclusions

When dental caries occur in the first molar, there is a high possibility of being classified into the high caries risk group. Therefore, preventative measures should focus on the antagonistic teeth and the teeth on the opposite side.

Keywords: Adolescent, Cluster, Dental caries, Pattern, Permanent dentition

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Fig. 1.

Multidimensional scaling (age 12, 15). An: Anterior smooth surface, C: Occlusal surface, S: Smooth surface.

Table 1.

Classification of caries experience cluster

Cluster	Caries experience pattern on tooth surface
Cluster	Age 12	Age 15
1	Lower first molar occlusal surfaces	Lower first molar occlusal surfaces
2	Upper first molar occlusal surfaces	Upper first molar occlusal surfaces
3	Upper first molar smooth surfaces	First molar smooth surfaces
4	Lower first molar smooth surfaces	Lower second molar occlusal surfaces
5	Lower second molar occlusal surfaces	Upper second molar occlusal surfaces
6	Etc.	Lower second molar smooth surfaces
7		Etc.

Table 2.

Distribution of caries experience cluster by age

Cluster	Age 12		Age 15
Cluster	N (%)	DMFS index	N (%)	DMFS index
1	2,371 (45.5)*	5.91	2,886 (54.3)	8.79
2	1,831 (35.1)	6.85	2,416 (45.5)	9.72
3	1,340 (26.0)	7.71	2,545 (48.4)	9.54
4	1,480 (28.7)	7.20	2,234 (42.3)	9.66
5	852 (18.1)	7.60	1,352 (26.0)	11.59
6	920 (25.6)	8.26	893 (17.0)	11.80
7			1,439 (29.7)	11.90

Number of subjects 5,222 (12 yrs), 5,320 (15 yrs), *2,371/5,222.

Table 3.

Comparison of cluster distribution by high risk group and non-high risk group

Cluster	Age 12				Age 15
	High risk group		Non-high risk group		High risk group		Non-high risk group
	N (%)	DMFS index	N (%)	DMFS index	N (%)	DMFS index	N (%)	DMFS index
1	1,618 (91.7)*	7.76	753 (21.8)	1.96	1,690 (94.8)	12.46	1,194 (33.8)	3.60
2	1,467 (83.0)	8.00	364 (10.5)	2.21	1,611 (90.3)	12.57	804 (22.8)	4.00
3	1,167 (66.9)	8.50	173 (5.1)	2.41	1,646 (92.7)	12.57	897 (25.7)	3.96
4	1,198 (68.7)	8.38	282 (8.3)	2.19	1,459 (82.0)	12.85	773 (22.1)	3.65
5	653 (40.0)	9.33	119 (6.5)	1.92	1,071 (61.2)	13.56	280 (8.1)	4.06
6	746 (54.3)	9.70	174 (7.9)	2.10	690 (39.0)	14.12	202 (5.8)	3.88
7					1,141 (67.0)	13.99	297 (9.4)	3.87

Number of subjects: 5,222 (12 yrs), 5,320 (15 yrs), high risk group: 1,767 (12 yrs), 1785 (15 yrs), non-high risk : 3,455 (12 yrs), 3,535 (15 yrs), *1618/1767.

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