Journal List > J Korean Acad Oral Health > v.39(1) > 1057670

TOOLS
Kang, Kim, Kim, and Seo: Unmet dental care needs according to employment status
Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2015;39(1):56-62.

Published online: 12 March 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.1.56

Unmet dental care needs according to employment status

Jeong-Hee Kang1, Chul-Woung Kim2, Cheoul-Sin Kim3, Nam-Kyu Seo4

1Youngdong University, Chungbuk, Korea

2Chungnam National University, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Daejeon, Korea

3Association of Dentists for Health Society, Seoul, Korea

4National Health Insurance Service/Health Insurance Policy Research Institute, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding Author: Chul-Woung Kim Chungnam National University, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, 55 Munhwa-ro, Joong-gu, Daejeon 301-747, Korea Tel: +82-42-580-8268 Fax: +82-42-583-7561 E-mail: woung2@gmail.com

Received 15 January 2015       Revised 25 February 2015       Accepted 16 March 2015

Copyright © 2015 Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate differences in unmet dental care needs according to employment status and if factors have relevance to unmet dental care needs due to “economic burden” and “no time to spare for visiting”.

Methods

Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors that affected the prevalence of unmet dental care needs due to “economic burden” and “no time to spare for visiting” in an economically active population comprised of subjects aged 20-64 years.

Results

Compared to regular workers, part-time workers experienced 1.28-times more unmet dental care needs, while students experienced 0.64-times fewer unmet dental care needs. With regard to reasons related to “economic burden”, the rate of experiencing unmet dental care needs was 1.37-times higher for part-time workers than for regular workers. Regarding reasons related to “no time to spare for visiting”, the rate of experiencing unmet dental care needs was 0.51-times lower in part-time workers compared with regular workers. In economically inactive people, these values were 0.51-times lower in the unemployed, 0.37-times lower in students, 0.23-times lower in house workers, 0.20-times lower in subjects with disease and injury, and 0.20-times lower in early retirees compared to regular workers.

Conclusions

Part-time workers experienced more unmet dental care needs compared with regular workers. With regard to “economic burden”, a significant difference in unmet dental care needs was observed between regular workers and part-time workers. Additionally, regarding “no time to spare for visiting”, people who were economically inactive because of unemployment, student or house-worker status, diseases and injury, and retirement experienced fewer unmet dental care needs compared with regular workers.

Keywords: Dental care, Economically active, Employment, Unmet dental care needs

References

1. Jeong YH. Status of Activity Limitation and Unmet Health Care Needs Basic on Korea Health Pannel. Seoul: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affair;2012. p. 1–8.
2. Chae SI. Factors Associated With Unmet Dental Care Needs of Older Adult [master's thesis]. Seoul: Ajou University;2014. [Korean].
3. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2010 Korean National Oral Health Survey: II. Survey Report. Seoul: Ministry of Health & Wel-fare;2010. p. 117–118.
4. European Health statistics. Eurostat, [Internet]. [cited 2014 Nov 10]. Available from:. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/por-tal/health/health_care/data/database.
5. Kim NY. Unmet dental care needs among Korean adults [master's thesis]. Seoul: Seoul National University;2012. [Korean].
6. Han JH. Unmet Need of Dental Care and it's Related Characteristics. [master's thesis]. Seoul: Catholic University;2014. [Korean].
7. Jeon JE, Chung WG, Kim NH. Determinants for dental service utilization among Koreans. J Korean Acad Oral Health. 2011; 35:441–449.
8. OECD. OECD Employment Outlook 2014: Does the Republic of Korea is how to respond? Paris: OECD;2014. p. 1–2.
9. Statistic Korea. Economically Active Population Survey Work by Type Additional Findings [Internet]. [cited 2014 Aug 01]. Available from:. http://kosis.kr/statisticsList/statisticsList_01List.jsp?vwcd=MT_ZTITLE&parentId=B#SubCont.
10. Huh SI, Kim MG, Lee SH, Kim SJ. Policy Options to Tackle Unmet Health Needs. Seoul: Korea Institute for Health and Social Af-fairs;2009. p. 56.
11. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. EQ-5D Korean Valution Study Using Time Trade Off Method. Chungbok: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2007. p. 11–27.
12. OECD/OECD Korea Policy Centre. OECD Health at Glance 2013. Seoul: OECD/OECD Korea Policy Centre;2014. p. 146–147.
13. National Health Insurance Service. 2006-2011 Health insurance survey results to patient care. Seoul: National Health Insurance Ser-vice;2011. p. 81–82.
14. Lee SY, Kim CW, Kang JH, Seo NK. Unmet healthcare needs depending on employment status. Health Policy. 2014; October [Epub]. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2014.09.007.
crossref
15. Rosen EB, Tomar SL. Perceived oral health status and unmet dental needs among adults in Union county. Fla Dent J. 2008; 20:1.
16. Ministry of Employment and Labor. 2013 Survey on labor report employment-specific. Seoul: Ministry of Employment and La-bor;2013. p. 14–15.
17. Gum JH. Self-employed labour market changes and features: Monthly Labor Review. Seoul: Korea Labor Institute;2012. p. 57–75.
18. Ahs A, Gunilla Burell G, Westerling R. Care or Not Care - that is the Question: Predictors of Healthcare Utilisation in Relation to Employment Status. Int J Behav Med. 2012; 19:29–38. DOI:10.1007/ s12529-010-9129-2.
19. Ahs AMH, Westerling R. Health care utilization among persons who are unemployed or outside the labour force. Health Policy. 2006; 78:178–193.

Table 1.
Nine independent variables
Independent variable
Demographic
1. Sex
2. Age
3. Level of education
4. Income of household member
5. Employment status
5-1. Economically active
− Wage earner
Regular worker
Temporary worker
Part-time worker
− Non-wage earner
Employer/Self-employed
Unpaid family worker
5-2. Not economically active
− Unemployed
− Student
− House worker
− Early retired
− Sickness and Injured
6. EQ-5D
7. Stress due to economic difficulty
8. Stress due to family conflict
Table 2.
Distribution of Unmet Dental Care Needs: Economically active population of 20-64 years
Unmet dental care needs
No Yes Total (N=9,727) P-value
N % N % N
Sex 0.018
Men 3,284 76.7 1,000 23.3 4,284
Women 4,058 74.6 1,385 25.4 5,443
Level of education 0.009
College/graduate more 3,012 77.2 892 22.8 3,904
High school 2,707 74.7 918 25.3 3,625
Middle school 786 72.8 294 27.2 1,080
Less than primary school 837 74.9 281 25.1 1,118
Employment status <0.001
Economically active Wage earner
Regular worker 1,942 77.8 555 22.2 2,497
Temporary worker 867 73.8 308 26.2 1,175
Part-time worker 447 68.3 207 31.7 654
Non-wage earner
Employer/Self-employed 1,236 75.3 406 24.7 1,642
Unpaid family worker 386 74.7 131 25.3 517
Not economically active Unemployed 299 75.9 95 24.1 394
Student 375 83.5 74 16.5 449
House worker 1,443 74.8 485 25.2 1,928
Early retired 159 79.9 40 20.1 199
Sickness and Injured 113 63.8 64 36.2 177
Other 75 78.9 20 21.1 95
Stress due to economic difficulty <0.001
No 1,696 84.4 314 15.6 2,010
Yes 5,645 73.2 2,071 26.8 7,716
Stress due to family conflict <0.001
No 4,041 80.6 973 19.4 5,014
Yes 3,279 70.0 1,402 30.0 4,681
Depression perception <0.001
No 6,700 76.8 2,026 23.2 8,726
Yes 641 64.1 359 35.9 1,000
Univariate analysis.
Table 3.
Difference of unmet dental care need according to employment status, economic burden, no time to spare: Economically active population of 20-64 years
Unmet dental care needs Reason for unmet dental care needs
Economic burden No time to spare
ORs 95% CI ORs 95% CI ORs 95% CI
Age 1.01 .98-1.03 1.08** 1.04-1.13 .87** .82-.92
Sex
Men (Ref.)
Women 1.10 .98-1.23 1.12 0.96-1.31 1.04 .85-1.27
Income of household member (ten million, won/year/person) .90** .86-0.94 .72** 0.67-0.77 1.05 .99-1.11
Level of education
College/graduate more (Ref.)
High school .96 .86-1.09 1.20* 1.01-1.41 .93 .75-1.16
Middle school .99 .82-1.19 1.23 0.97-1.56 1.29 .89-1.86
Less than primary school .81* .66-0.99 1.00 0.77-1.30 .91 .58-1.43
Employment status
Economically active Wage earner
Regular worker (Ref.)
Temporary worker 1.05 .88-1.24 1.06 0.84-1.34 .77 .58-1.03
Part-time worker 1.28* 1.04-1.57 1.37* 1.06-1.77 .51** .32-.81
Non-wage earner
Employer/ Self-employed 1.03 .88-1.21 .90 0.72-1.12 .89 .69-1.16
Unpaid family worker 1.01 .79-1.29 .81 0.58-1.12 .87 .56-1.35
Not economically active Unemployed .92 .71-1.19 1.06 0.76-1.47 .51** .31-.85
Student .64** .48-0.85 .66 0.42-1.04 .37** .23-.59
House worker .97 .83-1.15 .98 0.78-1.23 .23** .15-.34
Early retired .75 .51-1.10 .65 0.40-1.04 .20* .05-.83
Sickness and Injured 1.34 .95-1.90 1.26 0.84-1.89 .20* .05-.82
Other .85 .51-1.42 1.14 0.60-2.17 .28* .09-.90
EQ-5D .99** .99-.99 .99** .98-.99 .99** .98-1.00
Stress due to economic difficulty
No (Ref.)
Yes 1.48** 1.29-1.70 3.02** 2.35-3.89 1.19 .94-1.52
Stress due to family conflict
No (Ref.)
Yes 1.51** 1.37-1.67 1.64** 1.43-1.87 1.35** 1.11-1.63
Depression perception
No (Ref.)
Yes 1.37** 1.18-1.59 1.67** 1.40-1.99 .86 .62-1.20

Multiple logistic regression. EQ-5D: EuroQoL-5D. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.

TOOLS
Similar articles