First aid knowledge and educational needs related to maxillofacial trauma among elementary school teachers in Jeollabuk-do

In-Ja Kim; Heung-Soo Lee

doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.1.43

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Kim and Lee: First aid knowledge and educational needs related to maxillofacial trauma among elementary school teachers in Jeollabuk-do

Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2015;39(1):43-50.

Published online: 12 March 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.1.43

First aid knowledge and educational needs related to maxillofacial trauma among elementary school teachers in Jeollabuk-do

In-Ja Kim, Heung-Soo Lee

Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Iksan, Korea

Corresponding Author: Heung-Soo Lee Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentisty, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 570-749, Korea Tel: +82-63-850-6851 Fax: +82-63-857-4837 E-mail: smagn@wonkwang.ac.kr

Received 7 January 2015 Revised 27 February 2015 Accepted 16 March 2015

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge of elementary school teachers regarding first aid for maxillofacial trauma and the need for education on this topic in an effort to provide information for the development of teacher education programs.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 320 elementary school teachers who visited the Education and Training Center of Jeollabukdo to take training courses answered a self-administered survey.

Results

We found that 38.8 percent of the elementary school teachers had witnessed the occurrence of maxillofacial trauma in students. While 53.4 percent of the teachers replied that they did not have adequate knowledge of first aid for maxillofacial trauma, only 10.7 percent reported receiving this education while they served as teachers or when they were studying to be teachers at college. The teachers who had received instruction for dealing with maxillofacial trauma as teachers or as college students were 3.6-fold more likely to report that they would provide first aid for maxillofacial trauma compared with those who had not received such training. Many teachers had incorrect knowledge about how to cope with this type of trauma, indicating the need for providing correct information to this population. Finally, 99.1 percent of the elementary school teachers considered receiving education about first aid for maxillofacial trauma necessary.

Conclusions

The development of teacher education programs is required to help elementary school teachers offer appropriate first aid when maxillofacial trauma occurs.

Keywords: Education and training, Emergency service, School teacher, Trauma

References

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Table 1.

Experiences relevant to emergency situations according to subjects' characteristics

Characteristics	Classification	Experience of generalemergency situations		P-value*	Experience ofmaxillofacial trauma		P-value*	Experience of the first aidafter maxillofacial trauma		P-value*
Characteristics	Classification	Yes	No	P-value*	Yes	No	P-value*	Yes	No	P-value*
Gender	Male	44 (68.8)	20 (31.2)	0.706	28 (43.8)	36 (56.2)	0.357	13 (20.3)	51 (79.7)	0.520
	Female	161 (66.3)	82 (33.7)		91 (37.4)	152 (62.6)		41 (16.9)	202 (83.1)
Experience of a class	Yes	190 (66.2)	97 (33.8)	0.419	108 (37.6)	179 (62.4)	0.123	46 (16.0)	241 (84.0)	0.006
teacher	No	15 (75.0)	5 (25.0)		11 (55.0)	9 (45.0)		8 (40.0)	12 (60.0)
Teaching profession	1-10	108 (56.5)	83 (43.5)	0.000	57 (29.8)	134 (70.2)	0.000	32 (16.8)	159 (83.2)	0.846
years	11-20	51 (85.0)	9 (15.0)		34 (56.7)	26 (43.3)		12 (20.0)	48 (80.0)
	≥21	46 (82.1)	10 (17.9)		28 (50.0)	28 (50.0)		10 (17.9)	46 (82.1)
Total		205 (66.8)	102 (33.2)		119 (38.8)	188 (61.2)		54 (17.6)	253 (82.4)

*P-values are determined from Chi-square test.

Table 2.

Methods of coping with maxillofacial trauma

Characteristics	Classification	N	%
Possibility of reattachment in pieces of tooth after tooth fracture	Yes	204	66.4
	No	54	17.6
	Unknown	49	16.0
Dealing with tooth fracture	Find a broken tooth piece	160	52.1
	Send it to a school nurse	84	27.4
	Immediately visit a dental clinic after calling parents	58	18.9
	Call parents after drinking warm water	4	1.3
	Call parents after a class	1	0.3
Proper action given tooth mobility	Visit a dental clinic after calling parents or a school nurse	288	93.8
	Watch and see with no permission of chewing with anterior tooth	9	2.9
	Visit a dental clinic after a class	7	2.3
	Bring it to a dental clinic after tooth extraction because of being concerned about swallowing	3	1.0
Luxated tooth	Find	291	94.8
Luxated tooth	Not find	16	5.2
Dealing with tooth luxation	Keep in the white milk	217	70.7
	Keep after covering it with gauze	79	25.7
	Wash it with warm water	5	1.6
	No treatment	4	1.3
	Wash tooth with disinfectant or soap	2	0.7
Time of visiting a dental clinic after tooth luxation	Immediately	237	77.2
	Less than 30 minutes	38	12.4
	Within 1 hour	24	7.8
	Within 24 hours	8	2.6
Tooth wash*	Normal saline	195	63.5
	Fresh milk	168	54.7
	Disinfected cotton	42	13.7
	Ice water	34	11.1
	Tap water	30	9.8
	Alcohol	9	2.9
	Sports drink	4	1.3
	Others	4	1.3
Tooth transport*	Fresh milk	215	70.0
	Normal saline	134	43.6
	Disinfected cotton	45	14.7
	Ice water	39	12.7
	Tap water	9	2.9
	Alcohol	7	2.3
	Sports drink	2	0.7
	Others	2	0.7

*Plural response.

Table 3.

Experiences of education relevant to emergency situations according to subjects' characteristics

Characteristics	Classification	Experience of general emergency situations		P-value*	Experience of maxillofacial trauma		P-value*	Experience of the first aid after maxillofacial trauma		P-value*
Characteristics	Classification	Yes	No	P-value*	Yes	No	P-value*	Yes	No	P-value*
Gender	Male	19 (29.7)	45 (70.3)	0.013	6 (9.4)	58 (90.6)	0.070	5 (7.8)	59 (92.2)	0.394
	Female	114 (46.9)	129 (53.1)		46 (18.9)	197 (81.1)		28 (11.5)	215 (88.5)
Experience of a class teacher	Yes	121 (42.2)	166 (57.8)	0.120	44 (15.3)	243 (84.7)	0.004	25 (8.7)	262 (91.3)	0.000
	No	12 (60.0)	8 (40.0)		8 (40.0)	12 (60.0)		8 (40.0)	12 (60.0)
Teaching	1-10	82 (42.9)	109 (57.1)	0.958	29 (15.2)	162 (84.8)	0.089	21 (11.0)	170 (89.0)	0.041
profession years	11-20	27 (45.0)	33 (55.0)		8 (13.3)	52 (86.7)		2 (3.3)	58 (96.7)
	≥21	24 (42.9)	32 (57.1)		15 (26.8)	41 (73.2)		10 (17.9)	46 (82.1)
Total		133 (43.3)	174 (56.7)		52 (16.9)	255 (83.1)		33 (10.7)	274 (89.3)

*P-values are determined from Chi-square test.

Table 4.

Subjective knowledge level of the first aid for maxillofacial trauma according to the experiences related to emergency situations and the educational experiences relevant to emergency situations

Characteristics	Classification	Subjective knowledge level			P-value*
Characteristics	Classification	Know	Normal	Don’t know well	P-value*
Experience of general emergency situations	Yes	28 (13.7)	80 (39.0)	97 (47.3)	0.010
Experience of general emergency situations	No	9 (8.8)	26 (25.5)	67 (65.7)	0.010
Experience of maxillofacial trauma	Yes	26 (21.9)	50 (42.0)	43 (36.1)	<0.001
Experience of maxillofacial trauma	No	11 (5.9)	56 (29.8)	121 (64.3)	<0.001
Experience of first aid after maxillofacial trauma	Yes	12 (22.2)	26 (48.2)	16 (29.6)	<0.001
Experience of first aid after maxillofacial trauma	No	25 (9.9)	80 (31.6)	148 (58.5)	<0.001
Experience of general first-aid education	Yes	30 (22.6)	55 (41.3)	48 (36.1)	<0.001
Experience of general first-aid education	No	7 (4.0)	51 (29.3)	116 (66.7)	<0.001
Experience of dental education	Yes	17 (32.7)	23 (44.2)	12 (23.1)	<0.001
Experience of dental education	No	20 (7.8)	83 (32.6)	152 (59.6)	<0.001
Experience of education on how to cope with tooth trauma in the teaching experience or in the College of Education	Yes	14 (42.4)	16 (48.5)	3 (9.1)	<0.001
	No	23 (8.4)	90 (32.8)	161 (58.8)	<0.001

*P-values are determined from Chi-square test.

Table 5.

Logistic regression analysis results for the experience of maxillofacial trauma

Characteristics	B	S.E.	Wald	P-value*	Exp (B)
Teaching profession years	0.045	0.012	13.261	0.000	1.046

*P-values are determined from logistic regression analysis.

Table 6.

Influence in educational experiences related to emergency situations upon the experience of carrying out first aid after maxillofacial trauma

Characteristics	B	S.E.	Wald	P-value*	Exp (B)
Educational experience of coping with tooth trauma in the teaching experience or in the College of Education (Yes)	1.307	0.394	10.973	0.001	3.694

*P-values are determined from logistic regression analysis.

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