Evaluation of the validity of Qraycam for tooth examination during epidemiological surveys

Kum Ho Lee; Se Hee Kim; Dong Kie Kim; Byoung Jin Lee

doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.4.259

Journal List > J Korean Acad Oral Health > v.39(4) > 1057659

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Lee, Kim, Kim, and Lee: Evaluation of the validity of Qraycam for tooth examination during epidemiological surveys

Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2015;39(4):259-266.

Published online: 12 December 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.4.259

Evaluation of the validity of Qraycam for tooth examination during epidemiological surveys

Kum Ho Lee, Se Hee Kim, Dong Kie Kim, Byoung Jin Lee

Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea

Corresponding Author: Byoung Jin Lee Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Chosun University School of Dentistry, 303 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea Tel: +82-62-220-3836 E-mail: prevdent@chosun.ac.kr

Received 1 October 2015 Revised 18 December 2015 Accepted 23 December 2015

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate applicability of the Qraycam device for detecting caries and filling body during tooth examinations.

Methods

Fifty-two subjects aged 25 to 34 years were recruited for tooth examination. Two examiners (an epidemiologic expert and a non-expert) performed visual tooth examination using only dental operating light, dental mirror, and air-drying without a dental explorer. Pictures or videos of every tooth surface were obtained under visual ray and 405 nm blue ray, respectively, by using Qraycam. The two examiners then evaluated these videos or images more than 7 days after visual examination. Agreement between the two examiners and area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) were evaluated based on the gold standard derived from visual and Qraycam examinations.

Results

The results of the visual, visible ray image, and 405 nm blue ray image examinations showed very good kappa agreement with the gold standard for both examiners. The 405 nm blue ray image examination showed higher kappa agreement than visible ray image examination, and was similar to visual examination. Accuracy of detecting caries was enhanced by using 405 nm blue ray images from Qray-cam. Accuracy of detecting filling body on 405 nm blue ray image examination was almost same as that by visual examination.

Conclusions

Tooth examination with Qraycam images revealed high agreement with the gold standard and showed accuracy for detecting caries and filling body. Therefore, Qraycam would enhance the quality of oral epidemiologic survey including tooth examination and save cost and time of survey.

Keywords: Epidemiological tooth survey, Qraycam, Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence, ROC curve, Tooth examination

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Fig. 1.

ROC curve of caries detection in examiner A.

Fig. 2.

ROC curve of caries detection in examiner D.

Fig. 3.

ROC curve of filling body detection in examiner A.

Fig. 4.

ROC curve of filling body detection in examiner D.

Table 1.

Observed agreement of examiners compared with gold standard (kappa value)

Examiner	Optical examination	Visible ray image examination	405 nm blue ray image examination
Examiner A (Oral epidemiologic expert)	0.969	0.941	0.963
Examiner D (Non expert)	0.946	0.928	0.947

Table 2.

ROC curve analysis of caries detection in examiner A

Examine methods	Result area under ROC-curve	Standard Error	Significance	95% confidence interval
Examine methods	Result area under ROC-curve	Standard Error	Significance	Lower	Upper
A1	0.644	0.029	<0.001	0.588	0.700
AV	0.685	0.025	<0.001	0.636	0.733
AQ	0.719	0.017	<0.001	0.687	0.752

^* A1, optical examination of examiner A; AV, visible ray image examination of examiner A; AQ, 405 nm blue ray image examination of examiner A.

Table 3.

ROC curve analysis of caries detection in examiner D

Examine methods	Result area under ROC-curve	Standard Error	Significance	95% Confidence interval
Examine methods	Result area under ROC-curve	Standard Error	Significance	Lower	Upper
D1	0.562	0.034	0.117	0.495	0.630
DV	0.621	0.031	0.002	0.560	0.683
DQ	0.614	0.031	0.004	0.553	0.675

^* D1, optical examination of examiner D; DV, visible ray image examination of examiner D; DQ, 405 nm blue ray image examination of examiner D.

Table 4.

ROC curve analysis of filling body detection in examiner A

Examine methods	Result area under ROC-curve	Standard Error	Significance	95% Confidence interval
Examine methods	Result area under ROC-curve	Standard Error	Significance	Lower	Upper
A1	0.813	0.006	<0.001	0.801	0.824
AV	0.793	0.007	<0.001	0.780	0.806
AQ	0.815	0.006	<0.001	0.804	0.827

^* A1, optical examination of examiner A; AV, visible ray image examination of examiner A; AQ, 405 nm blue ray image examination of examiner A.

Table 5.

ROC curve analysis of filling body detection in examiner D

Examine methods	Result area under ROC-curve	Standard Error	Significance	95% Confidence interval
Examine methods	Result area under ROC-curve	Standard Error	Significance	Lower	Upper
D1	0.808	0.006	<0.001	0.796	0.820
DV	0.787	0.007	<0.001	0.774	0.801
DQ	0.815	0.006	<0.001	0.804	0.826

^* D1, optical examination of examiner D; DV, visible ray image examination of examiner D; DQ, 405 nm blue ray image examination of examiner D.

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