Patterns of dental caries experience on tooth surface in Korean adolescents

In-Ja Kim; Hyun-Jeong Ju; Sun-Ho Lee; Heung-Soo Lee

doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.4.251

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Kim, Ju, Lee, and Lee: Patterns of dental caries experience on tooth surface in Korean adolescents

Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2015;39(4):251-258.

Published online: 12 December 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.4.251

Patterns of dental caries experience on tooth surface in Korean adolescents

In-Ja Kim, Hyun-Jeong Ju, Sun-Ho Lee, Heung-Soo Lee

Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea

Corresponding Author: Heung-Soo Lee Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea Tel: +82-63-850-6851 Fax: +82-63-850-6851 E-mail: smagn@wonkwang.ac.kr

Received 25 August 2015 Revised 16 September 2015 Accepted 1 October 2015

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns of dental caries experience on the tooth surface of Korean adolescents of the ages of 12 and 15 years.

Methods

The raw data from the 2012 Korean National Oral Health Survey were reviewed, and the records of a total of 10,542 adolescents were analyzed in this study. The surfaces of the 28 permanent teeth were categorized into the occlusal, smooth, and proximal surface types. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multidimensional scaling analysis, and cluster analysis were performed to analyze the data.

Results

The analysis of the relationship of the dental caries experience on the tooth surfaces between the oral quadrants revealed that the correlation between the surface relationship of the left and right teeth was higher than that between the upper and lower teeth, in all of the quadrants. As a result of multidimensional scling analysis, the adolescents aged 12 were classified into six clusters: occlusal surface of mandibular first molars, occlusal surface of maxillary first molars, smooth surface of maxillary first molars, smooth surface of mandibular first molars, occlusal surface of mandibular second molars and the rest of tooth surface. Similarly, the dental surfaces of the 15-year-old adolescents were classified into seven clusters: occlusal surface of the mandibular first molars, occlusal surface of the maxillary first molars, smooth surface of the first molars, occlusal surface of the mandibular second molars, occlusal surface of the maxillary second molars, smooth surface of the mandibular second molars, and the surfaces of the. The patterns of caries experience are usually clustered on the same types of tooth surfaces; for example, patterns on an occlusal surface clustered with those on another occlusal surface, or patterns on a smooth surface with those on another smooth surface.

Conclusions

Knowledge about the caries patterns on the tooth surfaces might be useful for the prevention and management of dental caries.

Keywords: Adolescent, Cluster analysis, Dental caries, Pattern, Permanent dentition

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Fig. 1.

Multidimensional scaling (age 12, 15). C: Occlusal, S: Smooth surface.

Fig. 2.

Cluster analysis (age 12, 15). O: Occlusal, S: Smooth surface, An: Anterior smooth surface.

Table 1.

DMF rate by age unit: %

	Age 12			Age 15
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
Occlusal	58.1	55.4	60.7	68.8	63.9	74.7
Smooth surface	41.1	39.0	43.1	51.9	47.0	57.8
Buccal	31.4	29.8	32.9	42.2	38.0	47.3
Lingual	28.7	26.3	30.9	38.1	34.1	43.1
Proximal	13.0	11.7	14.2	22.0	19.5	25.1
Mesial	10.2	9.0	11.3	18.7	17.0	20.8
Distal	8.5	7.7	9.3	15.1	13.1	17.6
Smooth surface and proximal	43.5	41.4	45.5	55.1	50.5	60.7

Table 2.

Correlation of DMFS indexs among the quadrant in permanent dentition

Side		Age 12	Age 15
Upper · Lower	Total	0.458*	0.432*
	Occulsal	0.546*	0.555*
	Smooth surface	0.456*	0.432*
	Proximal	0.268*	0.341*
Right · Left	Total	0.613*	0.590*
	Occulsal	0.673*	0.676*
	Smooth surface	0.612*	0.590*
	Proximal	0.418*	0.468*
Upper right · Upper left	Total	0.649*	0.663*
	Occulsal	0.645*	0.656*
	Smooth surface	0.559*	0.573*
	Proximal	0.390*	0.418*
Upper right · Lower right	Total	0.509*	0.528*
	Occulsal	0.514*	0.543*
	Smooth surface	0.381*	0.374*
	Proximal	0.183*	0.243*
Upper right · Lower left	Total	0.491*	0.507*
	Occulsal	0.493*	0.519*
	Smooth surface	0.369*	0.364*
	Proximal	0.166*	0.243*
Upper left · Lower right	Total	0.501*	0.537*
	Occulsal	0.511*	0.548*
	Smooth surface	0.392*	0.392*
	Proximal	0.222*	0.275*
Upper left · Lower left	Total	0.530*	0.547*
	Occulsal	0.536*	0.548*
	Smooth surface	0.414*	0.396*
	Proximal	0.216*	0.264*
Lower right · Lower left	Total	0.658*	0.673*
	Occulsal	0.660*	0.681*
	Smooth surface	0.541*	0.528*
	Proximal	0.294*	0.344*

Pearson correlation coefficient.

P<0.01 (two tailed).

Table 3.

Correlation of each tooth surface by age

Rank	Age 12			Age 15
Rank	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
1	O16·S16	O16·S16	O16·S16	O26·S26	O26·S26	O26·S26
	(0.767)	(0.764)	(0.769)	(0.739)	(0.758)	(0.717)
2	O26·S26	O26·S26	O26·S26	O16·S16	O16·S16	O16·S16
	(0.762)	(0.762)	(0.761)	(0.717)	(0.731)	(0.700)
3	O37·O47	O17·S17	O37·O47	O37·O47	O17·O27	O17·O27
	(0.636)	(0.648)	(0.647)	(0.667)	(0.645)	(0.670)
4	O36·O46	O36·O46	O36·O46	O17·O27	O36·O46	O37·O47
	(0.624)	(0.643)	(0.639)	(0.662)	(0.632)	(0.666)
5	O16·O26	O37·O47	O16·O26	O36·O46	O24·O25	O36·O46
	(0.590)	(0.621)	(0.594)	(0.628)	(0.620)	(0.611)
6	O36·S36	O36·S36	O36·S36	O16·O26	O27·S27	O16·O26
	(0.581)	(0.599)	(0.562)	(0.610)	(0.584)	(0.608)
7	O17·S17	O16·O26	O25·S25	O24·O25	O46·S46	O24·O25
	(0.575)	(0.583)	(0.545)	(0.596)	(0.569)	(0.571)
8	O46·S46	O46·S46	O46·S46	O36·S36	O36·S36	O36·S36
	(0.563)	(0.583)	(0.541)	(0.564)	(0.567)	(0.552)
9	O27·S27	O27·S27	O17·O27	O46·S46	O14·O15	O46·S46
	(0.558)	(0.582)	(0.537)	(0.559)	(0.555)	(0.540)
10	O25·S25	S36·S46	O27·S27	O27·S27	O17·S17	O25·S25
	(0.528)	(0.538)	(0.536)	(0.548)	(0.551)	(0.532)

( )=Phi-coefficient.

O: Occlusal, S: Smooth surface.

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