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Choi, Lee, Lee, and Jin: Assessment of the quality of life and oral health status in diabetic patients
Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2015;39(3):207-213.

Published online: 12 September 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.3.207

Assessment of the quality of life and oral health status in diabetic patients

Yoon Young Choi1, Jae-Young Lee1, Heeyoung Lee2, Bo-Hyoung Jin1

1Department of Preventive & Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

2Gwang-Jin Gu Public Health Center, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding Author: Bo-Hyoung Jin Department of Preventive & Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-740-8783 Fax: +82-2-765-1722 E-mail: jjbh@snu.ac.kr

Received 25 August 2015       Revised 11 September 2015       Accepted 16 September 2015

Copyright © 2015 Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the quality of life and oral health status in diabetic patients as a result of non-surgical periodontal treatments.

Methods

In total, 55 diabetic patients who visited the health care center at our institution participated in this study. The patients were divided randomly into 3 groups as follows: scaling and root planning (SRP), professional maintenance care (PMC), and control (CT). The patients were asked to answer the Short-Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) to evaluate their quality of life, and two examiners evaluated the patients’ oral health status before and after the periodontal treatments. To evaluate the oral health status, the current number of teeth, DMFT index, bleeding on probing rate (BOP), pocket depth (PD), and calculus index (CI) were used. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS with appropriate sampling weights to adjust for the stratified sample design.

Results

In both the SRP and PMC groups, the BOP and CI decreased after the treatment (P<0.05). In the SRP group, physical functioning and the mental health score increased (P<0.05).

Conclusions

According to the results, non-surgical periodontal treatment in diabetic patients is effective in increasing the health-related quality of life.

Keywords: Diabetes, Non-surgical periodontal treatment, Oral health, Quality of life, SF-36

References

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Table 1.
Inclusion/exclusion criteria for participants
Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria
1. Pocket depth ≥4 mm 2 or more sites 1. ≤18 teeth
2. Non-smoker 2. Systemic disease (ex. SLE, HIV, AIDS etc.)
3. No change in the courses of treatment 3. No periodontal treatment received 3 months before the study
※ Maintain oral anti-diabetic drug 3 months before and during the study 4. Chronic liver disease including Hepatitis
5. BMI (Body Mass Index) ≥40
6. Pregnancy
7. Current abuse of alcohol or drugs
8. HbA1C < 6.5%17)
Table 2.
Distribution of age and sex for each groups (N=55)
Variable Total (%) SRP (N=19) PMC (N=20) CT (N=16) P-value
Sex*
Male 28 (50.9) 9 (47.4) 10 (50.0) 9 (56.3)
Female 27 (49.1) 10 (52.6) 10 (50.0) 7 (43.7) 0.867
Age† 69.58±8.01 67.90±8.79 69.60±8.08 71.56±6.92
Range 44 to 85 50 to 85 44 to 82 58 to 84 0.410

SRP, scaling and root planing; PMC, professional maintenance care; CT, control. *Values represented number (%).

† Values represented mean±standard deviation. P-value was determined by chi-square test for categorical variables and one-way ANOVA test for continuous variables.

Table 3.
Composition of SF-36
Scale Contents (low score/high score) Number of items
Functioning
Physical Functioning Limitation in taking a bath or putting on clothes/No limitation in physical movement 10
Social Functioning Limitation in social activity resulting from physical or emotional status/No limitation in social activity 2
Role-Physical Limitation in daily life resulting from physical health status/No limitation in daily life 4
Role-Emotional Limitation in working or daily life resulting from emotional problem/No limitation in working or daily life 3
Well-being
Bodily Pain Severe pain/No pain 2
Vitality Feeling tired all the time/Energetic all the time 4
Mental Health Being anxious or depressed all the time/Being happy and quiet all the time 5
Overall Health Evaluation
General Health Regarding personal health as getting worse/Regarding personal health as excellent 5
Health Change 1

SF-36, The Short-Form-36 Health Survey.

Table 4.
Changes of oral health status
SRP group PMC group CT group P-value*
PD baseline 4.42±2.73 4.85±3.30 3.88±2.87
12 wks 4.32±2.95‡ 4.45±4.14‡ 6.75±4.57 0.004
P-value† 0.920 0.135 0.011
BOP baseline 17.05±13.23 22.25±15.96 20.84±16.85
12 wks 10.96±8.51‡ 5.73±5.70‡§ 21.24±14.86 0.001
P-value† 0.004 0.010 0.807
CI baseline 2.89±3.28 1.70±1.78 1.94±1.95
12 wks 1.05±1.81‡ 0.60±0.88 2.25±2.15 0.082
P-value† 0.010 0.005 0.654
Teeth (N) baseline 25.26±2.90 24.25±3.57 24.69±3.16 0.621
DMFT baseline 4.89±4.61 8.25±6.71 5.38±4.50 0.128

DMFT, Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth; PD, Pocket depth ≥ 4 mm sites; BOP, Bleeding on probing rate; CI, Calculus index. The data was presented by mean and standard deviation. *P-value was determined by Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables (P<0.05).

† P-value was determined by Wilcoxon signed rank test for continuous variables (P<0.05).

‡ P-value was determined by Mann-Whitney test with control group (P<0.05).

§ P-value was determined by Mann-Whitney test with SRP group (P<0.05).

Table 5.
Changes of SF-36 score
Scale SRP PMC CT
Baseline 12 wks P-value Baseline 12 wks P-value Baseline 12 wks P-value
Functioning 75.74±18.13 79.42±16.58 0.332 83.50±13.46 85.90±11.55 0.399 83.38±9.77 80.63±13.87 0.328
Physical functioning 70.79±26.84 78.95±22.83 0.030* 83.75±16.93 81.25±16.93 0.574 79.06±21.15 75.31±30.14 0.414
Social functioning 86.18±19.50 90.13±18.90 0.517 90.63±19.82 96.25±12.23 0.154 89.84±18.38 93.75±13.69 0.312
Role-physical 64.47±16.54 67.43±12.25 0.375 71.56±13.97 72.19±18.97 0.874 67.58±16.33 66.41±14.77 0.767
Role-emotional 81.14±32.02 81.14±31.65 1.000 87.72±25.29 93.75±18.11 0.317 97.40±5.01 86.98±24.72 0.091
Well-being 79.21±11.09 81.91±9.70 0.168 84.46±12.94 86.71±11.10 0.432 86.20±9.03 84.79±7.71 0.533
Bodily Pain 84.21±13.72 85.53±11.23 0.630 86.88±14.89 85.00±14.40 0.659 88.28±10.67 87.50±12.91 0.817
Vitality 78.95±16.95 77.30±14.32 0.583 81.25±14.90 86.88±13.44 0.149 81.25±13.31 76.56±17.75 0.188
Mental health 74.47±16.99 82.89±14.84 0.013* 85.25±14.46 88.25±13.89 0.365 89.06±11.72 90.31±10.08 0.684
Overall Health evaluation 60.39±10.87 58.16±10.86 0.315 59.75±9.42 56.88±7.90 0.089 60.78±12.64 57.97±13.11 0.471
General health 52.37±9.48 49.21±12.16 0.204 53.25±11.50 51.25±9.58 0.456 54.38±19.74 48.75±12.85 0.254
Health change 68.42±18.34 67.11±16.78 0.663 66.25±14.68 62.50±12.83 0.186 67.19±15.05 67.19±19.83 1.000

SF-36, The Short-Form-36 Health Survey. *P-value was determined by one-way ANOVA test for continuous variables (P<0.05).

† P-value was determined by paired-t test for continuous variables (P<0.05).

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