Evaluation of the safety of non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma in hairless mouse tissues

Sang-Rye Park; Gyoo-Cheon Kim; Byul-Bora Choi; Ji-young Kim

doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2014.38.3.148

Journal List > J Korean Acad Oral Health > v.38(3) > 1057602

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Park, Kim, Choi, and Kim: Evaluation of the safety of non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma in hairless mouse tissues

Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2014;38(3):148-153.

Published online: 12 September 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2014.38.3.148

Evaluation of the safety of non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma in hairless mouse tissues

Sang-Rye Park¹, Gyoo-Cheon Kim², Byul-Bora Choi³, Ji-young Kim¹

¹Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungnam College of Information & Technology, Busan, Korea

²Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea

³Department of Dental Hygiene, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea

Corresponding Author: Ji-young Kim Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungnam College of Information & Technology, #45 Jurye-ro, Sasang-gu, Busan 617-701, Korea Tel: +82-51-320-2921 Fax: +82-51-320-2925 E-mail: kjy1@kit.ac.kr

Received 12 June 2014 Revised 16 July 2014 Accepted 28 July 2014

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the stability of non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma on Candida albicans in hairless mouse-2 (HRM-2) tissues.

Methods

HRM-2 mice were subjected to non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma jet treatment using an optical fiber probe and monitored using a thermometer. The skin of HRM-2 mice was treated with plasma jet for 0, 60, 180, and 300 s per day for 5 days. After plasma treatment, morphological changes in Candida albicans on the skin of these mice were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Biopsy of the plasma-treated skin was performed and the tissues were histologically analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome stains.

Results

The scanning electron microscopic images revealed the morphological changes in the membrane structure of the plasma-treated Candida albicans. Histological analysis showed that non-thermal plasma treatment did not cause epidermal damage or tissue inflammation and did not significantly modify the collagen layers of the mouse skin.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma might be safe and effective for clinical applications in the field of dentistry.

Keywords: Candida albicans, Hematoxylin and eosin stain, Masson’s trichrome stain, Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma, Scanning electron microscopy

References

1. Seo JD, Lee DK, Yim CJ. A study of effect of several gargling agents on normal oral microbial flora. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxil-lofac Surg. 1989; 15:96–102.

2. Meitner SW, Bowen WH, Haidaris CG. Oral and esophageal Candida albicans infection in hyposalivatory rats. Infect Immun. 1990; 58:2228–2236.

3. Sitheeque MA, Samaranayake LP. Chronic hyperplastic candi-dosis/candidiasis (candidal leukoplakia). Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003; 14:253–267.

4. Sanjaya PR, Gokul S, Gururaj Patil B, Raju R. Candida in oral pre-cancer and oral cancer. Med Hypotheses. 2011; 77:1125–1128.

5. Rupf S, Lehmann A, Hannig M, Schafer B, Schubert A, Feldmann U, et al. Killing of adherent oral microbes by a non-thermal atmospheric plasma jet. J Med Microbiol. 2010; 59:206–212.

6. Fridman G, Peddinghaus M, Ayan H, Fridman A, Balasubramanian Gutsol A, et al. Blood coagulation and living tissue sterilization by floating-electrode dielectric barrier. Plasma Chem Plasma Process. 2006; 26:425–442.

7. Kim CH. New Conversing Technology; Plasma Medicine. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg. 2010; 53:593–602.

8. Kim GJ, Kim W, Kim KT, Lee JK. DNA damage and mitochondria dysfunction in cell apoptosis induced by nonthermal air plasma. Appl Phys Lett. 2010; 96(021502):1–3.

9. Kim CH, Bahn JH, Lee SH, Kim GY, Sun JI, Lee K, et al. Induction of cell growth arrest by atmospheric non-thermal plasma in colorectal cancer cells. J Biotechnol. 2010; 150:530–538.

10. Kang SK, Choi MY, Koo IG, Kim PY, Kim Y, Kim GJ, et al. Reactive hydroxyl radical-driven oral bacterial inactivation by radio frequency atmospheric plasma. Appl Phys Lett. 2011; 98(143702):1–3.

11. Lee HW, Kim GJ, Kim JM, Park JK, Lee JK, Kim GC. Tooth bleaching with nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma. J En-dod. 2009; 35:587–591.

12. Nam SH, Lee HW, Cho SH, Lee JK, Jeon YC, Kim GC. High-efficiency tooth bleaching using non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma with low concentration of hydrogen peroxide. J Appl Oral Sci. 2013; 21:265–270.

13. Kalghatgi SU, Fridman G, Cooper M, Nagaraj G, Peddinghaus M, Balasubramanian M, et al. Mechanism of Blood Coagulation by Nonthermal Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma. Plasma Science, IEEE Trans. 2007; 35:1559–1566.

14. Lloyd G, Friedman G, Jafri S, Schultz G, Fridman A, Harding K. Gas plasma: medical uses and developments in wound care. Plasma Processes Polym. 2010; 7:194–211.

15. Park SR, Kim GC. The killing effect of candida albicans on hairless mouse-2 mouse tissues by non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma. J Dent Hyg Sci. 2014; 14:1–6.

16. Choi J, Iza F, Do HJ, Lee JK, Cho MH. Microwave-excited atmospheric-pressure microplasmas based on a coaxial transmission line resonator. Plasma Sources Sci Technol. 2009; 18:1–8.

17. Park SJ, Choi J, Park GY, Lee SK, Cho YS, Yun JI, et al. Inactivation of S. mutans using an atmospheric plasma driven by a palm-size-integrated microwave power module. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci. 2010; 38:1956–1962.

18. Dieterich C, Schandar C, Nolla MM, Johannes FJH, Graeve T, Rupp S. In vitro reconstructed human epithelia reveal contributions of Candida albicans EFG1 and CPH1 to adhesion and invasion. Microbiology. 2002; 148:497–506.

19. Cole GT, Halawa AA, Anaissie EJ. The role of the gastrointestinal tract in hematogenous candidiasis: from the laboratory to the bedside. Clin Infect Dis. 1996; 22:73–88.

20. Cutler JE. Putative virulence factors of Candida albicans. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1991; 45:187–218.

21. Matthews RC. Pathogenicity determinant of candida albicans: potential targets for immunotherapy? Microbiology. 1994; 140:1505–1511.

22. Fridman G, Friedman G, Gutsol A, Shekhter AB, Vasilets VN, Fridman A. Applied plasma medicine. Plasma Process Polym. 2008; 5:503–533.

23. Mendis DA, Rosenberg M, Azam F. A note on the possible electrostatic disruption of bacteria. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 2000; 28:1304–1306.

24. Laroussi M, Mendis DA, Rosenberg M. Plasma interaction with microbes. New J Phys. 2003; 5:41.1–41.10.

Fig. 1.

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma source and treatment of a HRM-2 mouse tissue.

Fig. 2.

The measurement of microwave plasma temperature using optical fiber. The input power is 2.5 W, and the argon flow is 3 slm.

Fig. 3.

Scanning electron photomicrographs of C. albicans on mouse tissue treated with microwave plasma.(A) none treatment of plasma (B) plasma treatment for 60 sec, (C) plasma treatment for 180 sec, (D) plasmatreatment for 300 sec. Magnification ×2,000.

Fig. 4.

The histological analysis using H&E staining against the mouse tissue after treatment of microwave plasma. After the repeated microwave plasma treatment for 5 days, the biopsies were performed 7 days. Plasma treated for (A) 0 sec (without plasma treatment), (B) 60 sec, (C) 180 sec and (D) 300 sec, there is notissue morphological change. Magnification ×400.

Fig. 5.

Masson’s trichrome staining indicates distinct collagen structures formed in dermal layer. After the repeated microwave plasma treatment for 5 days, the biopsies were performed 7 days. Collagen layers,nuclei and keratins were no significant different to compare control and experiment groups. Plasma treated for (A) 0 sec (without plasma treatment), (B) 60 sec, (C) 180 sec and (D) 300 sec. Magnification ×400.

TOOLS

Similar articles