Evaluation of release of fluoride from dental varnishes marketed in Korea

Han-Na Kim; Myung-Su Jeong; Se-Yeon Kim; Jin-Bom Kim; Seung-Hwa Jeong

doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2014.38.3.131

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Kim, Jeong, Kim, Kim, and Jeong: Evaluation of release of fluoride from dental varnishes marketed in Korea

Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2014;38(3):131-137.

Published online: 12 September 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2014.38.3.131

Evaluation of release of fluoride from dental varnishes marketed in Korea

Han-Na Kim, Myung-Su Jeong, Se-Yeon Kim, Jin-Bom Kim, Seung-Hwa Jeong

Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea

Corresponding Author: Seung-Hwa Jeong Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 626-870, Korea Tel: +82-51-510-8222 Fax: +82-51-510-8221 E-mail: jsh0917@pusan.ac.kr

Received 23 May 2014 Revised 21 July 2014 Accepted 21 August 2014

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare the amount and rate of cumulative fluoride released over a period of 4 h from several varnishes marketed in Korea.

Methods

The following six commercial products were studied: cavity shield (CS, 22,600 ppm F), V varnish (VV, 22,600 ppm F), enamel pro varnish (EP, 22,600 ppm F), MI varnish (MI, 22600 ppm F), fluorine care (FC, 22600 ppm F), and fluor protector N (FP, 7700 ppm F). Five samples were collected from each varnish. Further, 10 mg of each varnish were applied onto an acrylic surface (diameter, 5 mm) and then immersed in 20 mL of distilled water at 37°C. The fluoride concentration in each sample was then analyzed after 30 min, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h, and after 4 days of exposure.

Results

The cumulative amount of fluoride released by FC (5.64±1.10 ppm) was significantly higher than that released by other products after 30 min. FC (8.55±1.85 ppm) and MI (8.21±0.81 ppm) released a significantly higher cumulative amount of fluoride after 4 h. The cumulative rate of fluoride released by FC (47.80±9.35%) was significantly higher than that of other products after 30 min. FC (72.44±15.68%) and MI (69.54±6.88%) showed a higher cumulative fluoride release rate after 4 h. MI sustainably released fluoride after 4 h and demonstrated a high fluoride release rate of 95.76%.

Conclusions

The cumulative amount and rate of fluoride released by several varnishes were statistically significant at each time point. This data can be used by clinicians prior to selection of dental products.

Keywords: Fluoride release, Fluoride varnish

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Fig. 1.

Percent of cumulative fluoride release during 4 hours.

Fig. 2.

Percent of cumulative fluoride release after 96 h.

Table 1.

Tested fluoride varnishes

Product name	Manufacturer	Type of packing	Main contents	Fluoride concentration
CavityShield	3M ESPE, USA	Single dose of 0.40 ml or 0.25 ml	5% NaF, Rosin, Xylitol.	22,600
Enamel Pro	Premier Dental Products, USA	Single dose of 0.4 ml	5% NaF, ACP.	22,600
V varnish	Vericom, Korea	Single dose of 0.4 ml	5% NaF, TCP, Rosin, Xylitol.	22,600
Fluorine- Care	Hearim Dental, Korea	3 g in syringe (Light cured type)	5% NaF, Calcium Glycerophosphate	22,600
MI varnish	GC, Japan	Single dose of 0.5 ml	5% NaF, CPP-ACP.	22,600
Fluor protector N	Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein	7 g in the bottle	1.5% Ammonium fluoride, Film formers	7,700

Table 2.

Cumulative amount of fluoride release (ppm) from 6 fluoride varnishes (Mean±SD)

Time	CS	VV	EP	MI	FC	FP
30 min	0.04±0.01^a	0.16±0.04^b	0.29±0.08^b	1.03±0.30^c	5.64±1.10^d	0.58±0.27
1 h	0.08±0.02^a	0.35±0.09^b	1.46±1.14^bc	2.97±0.39^c	7.28±1.70^d	0.65±0.24
1 h 30 min	0.12±0.05^a	0.86±0.35^b	2.36±0.80^c	4.49±0.55^d	7.85±1.98^e	0.68±0.26
2 h	0.14±0.04^a	1.92±0.80^b	3.34±0.61^bc	4.77±0.65^c	8.16±1.29^d	0.79±0.27
2 h 30 min	0.19±0.04^a	3.01±0.69^b	3.92±0.70^bc	5.73±1.00^cd	8.06±1.63^d	0.80±0.19
3 h	0.21±0.04^a	4.15±0.48^b	4.57±0.93^bcd	6.67±0.83^cd	7.81±1.47^d	0.90±0.16
3 h 30 min	0.27±0.08^a	5.04±0.37^b	4.60±0.69^b	7.50±0.97^cd	8.27±0.73^d	0.93±0.11
4 h	0.26±0.04^a	5.26±0.34^bd	5.10±0.76^b	8.21±0.81^cd	8.55±1.85^d	0.92±0.10
4 days	1.17±0.57^a	7.49±1.40^b	11.10±1.17^c	11.30±0.43^c	9.59±1.57^d	3.35±0.47

CS, CavityShield; VV, V varnish; EP, Enamel Pro varnish; MI, MI Varnish; FC, Fluorine- Care; FP, Fluor Protector N. Five samples were tested from each fluoride varnish. Values are presented as mean±SD of fluoride concentration (ppm). FP was not included Kruskal-Wallis’ signed rank test and Mann-Whitney. Kruskal-Wallis’ signed rank test was used to compare the differences. Different superscript letter denote values that are significantly different one another for 5 varnishes in same time (P<0.05) by Mann-Whitney U test using Benfenoni Correction.

Table 3.

Cumulative fluoride release percent of total amounts from 6 fluoride varnishes (Mean±SD)

Time	CS	VV	EP	MI	FC	FP
30 min	0.38±0.10^a	1.39±0.34^bc	2.49±0.70^c	8.76±2.55^d	47.80±9.35^e	15.16±7.01
1 h	0.68±0.21^a	3.00±0.80^bc	12.38±9.69^cd	25.17±3.33^d	61.69±14.40^e	16.91±6.20
1 h 30 min	1.05±0.40^a	7.33±2.99^b	20.02±6.80^c	38.07±4.64^d	66.54±16.74^e	17.74±6.77
2 h	1.22±0.37^a	16.27±6.81^bc	28.27±5.18^cd	40.39±5.54^d	69.17±10.91^e	20.40±7.02
2 h 30 min	1.63±0.31^a	25.53±5.82^bc	33.19±5.93^bcd	48.52±8.46^de	68.32±13.84^e	20.78±5.06
3 h	1.77±0.32^a	35.20±4.07^bc	38.69±7.92^cd	56.51±7.06^d	66.15±12.49^d	23.44±4.15
3 h 30 min	2.29±0.70^a	42.71±3.09^bc	39.00±5.81^c	63.54±8.18^d	70.07±6.20^d	24.22±2.86
4 h	2.16±0.34^a	44.61±2.88^bce	43.20±6.47^c	69.54±6.88^d	72.44±15.68^de	23.91±2.64
4 days	9.90±4.83^a	63.51±11.86^b	94.50±9.95^c	95.76±3.65^c	81.31±13.29^d	86.91±12.23

CS, CavityShield; VV, V varnish; EP, Enamel Pro varnish; MI, MI Varnish; FC, Fluorine- Care; FP, Fluor Protector N. Five samples were tested from each fluoride varnish. Values are presented as mean±SD of fluoride concentration (%). FP was not included Kruskal-Wallis' signed rank test and Mann-Whitney. Kruskal-Wallis' signed rank test was used to compare the differences. Different superscript letter denote values that are significantly different one another for 5 varnishes in same time (P<0.05) by Mann-Whitney U test using Benfenoni Correction.

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