Journal List > J Korean Acad Oral Health > v.37(2) > 1057588

TOOLS
Lim and Oh: The relationship between oral health behaviors and periodontal health status of Korean adolescents
Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2013;37(2):65-72.

Published online: 12 June 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2013.37.2.65

The relationship between oral health behaviors and periodontal health status of Korean adolescents

Cha-Young Lim1, Hyo-Won Oh1, 2

1Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea

2Institute of Biomaterials·Implant and Institute of Wonkwang Dental Research, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea

Corresponding Author: Hyo-Won Oh Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 570-749, Korea Tel: +82-63-850-6928 Fax: +82-63-850-7313 E-mail: dhdh@wonkwang.ac.kr

Received 22 March 2013       Revised 13 June 2013       Accepted 28 June 2013

Copyright © 2013 Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to examine the periodontal health status of Korean adolescents and its relationship with oral health behaviors, as well as to use certain basic sources for improving the periodontal health of adolescents.

Methods

Data were obtained from the original data of the Korea National Oral Health Survey in 2010. The subjects included 12,351 adolescents aged 12 and 15 years. The questionnaire administered to each adolescent included 17 items on demographic variables, such as gender, regions, and oral health behaviors, and subjective perceptions, tooth brushing per period, and intake of cariogenic food.

Results

Examination of the periodontal status revealed that 43.1% of the adolescents had healthy periodontal tissue, 20.0% had gingival bleeding, and 36.9% had calculus formation. The adolescents who brushed their teeth before sleeping had significantly better periodontal health, and those who had never smoked had good periodontal health. In addition, those with a higher number of annual visits to the dentist had better periodontal health. Region, age, brushing teeth after breakfast and before sleep, flossing, subjective oral health perceptions, and annual visits to the dentists were significantly associated with the periodontal health status of adolescents.

Conclusions

Oral health education must be included while planning oral health services for the improvement of periodontal health in order to change oral health behaviors among the adolescents.

Keywords: Adolescent, Community periodontal index, Oral health behaviors, Periodontal health, Questionnaire

References

1. Park HJ, Lee JH. The relation between periodontal condition and dental health behaviors among Korean adolescents. 2009 Korean Academy of Oral Health autumn workshop presentation file. 946–948.
2. Han SB, Bak DY. Survey on the knowledge and attitude of periodontal disease in Korean. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 1992; 22:191–197.
3. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2003 Korea National Oral Health Survey. Summary. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare;2003. p. 46–84.
4. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2006 Korea National Oral Health Survey. Summary. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare;2006. p. 59–98.
5. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2010 Korea National Oral Health Survey. Summary. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare;2010. p. 6–13. 82, 293-294.
6. Kim JB, Choi YJ, Moon HS, Kim JB, Kim DK, Lee HS, et al. Public Health Dentistry. 4th ed. Seoul: Komoonsa;2009. p. 107–109.
7. Tolvanen M, Lahti S, Miettunen J, Hausen H. Relationship between oral health-related knowledge, attitudes and behavior among 15-16-year-old adolescents: a structural equation modeling approach. Acta Odontol Scand. 2012; 70:169–176.
8. Youth Organic Law article 3 section 1 <revision. 2010. 5. 17., Law No.10298>.
9. Shin SJ, Ahn YS, Jung SH. The relation between dental health behaviors and socioeconomic status among Korean adolescents. J Korean Acad Oral Health. 2008; 32:223–230.
10. Lang WP, Ronis DL, Farghaly MM. Preventive behaviors as correlates of periodontal health status. J Public Health Dent. 1995; 55:10–17.
crossref
11. Jung JO, Oh GJ. A study of the relationship between socioeconomic status, oral health behaviors and periodontitis in the elderly Korean population. J Korean Acad Oral Health. 2011; 35:57–66.
12. Harris NO, Garcia-Godoy F. Primary preventive dentistry. 6th ed. New Jersey: Pearson;2006. p. 58–59.
13. Kim SJ, Lee BJ. A association between self-reported oral health and oral health status among Korean male soldiers aged 18-24. J Korean Acad Oral Health. 2012; 36:282–288.
crossref
14. Kang HK, Yoon YS, Park JH, Sung MK, Bae KH, Kim JB. Awareness of patients with periodontal disease under treatments at initial and maintenance phase. J Korean Acad Oral Health. 2005; 29:271–280.
15. Do LG, Slade GD, Roberts-Thomson KF, Sanders AE. Smoking-attributable periodontal disease in the Australian adult population. J Clin Periodontol. 2008; 35:398–404.
crossref
16. Heikkinen AM, Pajukänta R, Pitkaniemi J, Broms U, Sorsa T, Ko-skenvuo M, et al. The effect of smoking on periodontal health of 15- to 16-year-old adolescents. J Periodontol. 2008; 79:2042–2047.
crossref
17. Vered Y, Livny A, Zini A, Sgan-Cohen HD. Periodontal health status and smoking among young adults. J Clin Periodontol. 2008; 35:768–772.
crossref
18. Bergström J. Oral hygiene compliance and gingivitis expression in cigarette smokers. Scand J Dent Res. 1990; 98:497–503.
19. Park JH, Kim YN, Yoo JH, Kim MY, Kim BI, Kwon HK. Relationship between smoking and periodontal pocket formation in Korean adults. J Korean Acad Oral Health. 2005; 29:293–301.
20. Kim JB, Choi YJ, Paik DI, Shin SC, Chang KW, Hong SJ, et al. Preventive Dentistry. 4th ed. Seoul: Komoonsa;2009. p. 89–92.
21. Kim JB, Choi YJ, Moon HS, Kim JB, Kim DK, Lee HS, et al. Public Health Dentistry. 4th ed. Seoul: Komoonsa;2009. p. 107–109.
22. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2010 Korea National Oral Health Survey. Summary. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare;2010. p. 395.
23. Murtomaa H, Ainamo J. Conceptions of Finnish people about their periodontal situation. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1977; 5:195–199.
crossref

Table 1.
Community Periodontal index difference of Socio-Demographic Factors on Korean adolescents N (%)
Community Periodontal index
Variables N Healthy Bleeding + Calculus P-value
Region 0.000
Metropolis 5,590 (45.3) 2,415 (45.3) 3,175 (45.2)
Cities 5,067 (41.0) 2,305 (43.3) 2,762 (39.3)
Rural area 1,694 (13.7) 608 (11.4) 1,086 (15.5)
Sex 0.541
Boys 6,766 (54.8) 2,902 (54.5) 3,864 (55.0)
Girls 5,585 (45.2) 2,426 (45.5) 3,159 (45.0)
Age 0.000
12 years old 6,252 (50.6) 2,956 (55.5) 3,296 (47.0)
15 years old 6,099 (49.4) 2,372 (44.5) 3,727 (53.0)
Total 12,351 (100.0) 5,328 (100.0) 7,023 (100.0)
Table 2.
All the subjects Experience of gingival bleeding for the past one year by Community Periodontal index: CPI
Variables N (%)
Experience of gingival bleeding for the past one year
Total 12,334 (100.0)
No 8,203 (66.5)
Yes 4,131 (33.5)
Community Periodontal index: CPI
Total 12,351 (100.0)
Healthy: H 5,328 (43.1)
Bleeding: B 2,468 (20.0)
Calculus: C 4,555 (36.9)
Table 3.
Community Periodontal index difference according to oral health behaviors (To be continued) N (%)
Variables N Community Periodontal index P-value
Healthy Bleeding + Calculus
Before breakfast Toothbrushing 0.426
Total 12,343 (100.0) 5,325 (100.0) 7,018 (100.0)
No 8,489 (68.8) 3,642 (68.4) 4,847 (69.1)
Yes 3,854 (31.2) 1,683 (31.6) 2,171 (30.9)
After breakfast Toothbrushing 0.081
Total 12,342 (100.0) 5,323 (100.0) 7,019 (100.0)
No 3,181 (25.8) 1,330 (25.0) 1,851 (26.4)
Yes 9,161 (74.2) 3,993 (75.0) 5,168 (73.6)
After lunch Toothbrushing 0.000
Total 12,342 (100.0) 5,323 (100.0) 7,019 (100.0)
No 7,954 (64.4) 3,527 (66.3) 4,427 (63.1)
Yes 4,388 (35.6) 1,796 (33.7) 2,592 (36.9)
After dinner Toothbrushing 0.373
Total 12,342 (100.0) 5,323 (100.0) 7,019 (100.0)
No 4,367 (35.4) 1,860 (34.9) 2,507 (35.7)
Yes 7,975 (64.6) 3,463 (65.1) 4,512 (64.3)
Before sleep Toothbrushing 0.001
Total 12,342 (100.0) 5,323 (100.0) 7,019 (100.0)
No 4,064 (32.9) 1,668 (31.3) 2,396 (34.1)
Yes 8,278 (67.1) 3,655 (68.7) 4,623 (65.9)
Dental floss 0.000
Total 12,341 (100.0) 5,324 (100.0) 7,017 (100.0)
Yes 1,617 (13.1) 833 (15.6) 784 (11.2)
No 10,724 (86.9) 4,491 (84.4) 6,233 (88.8)
Gargling 0.000
Total 12,341 (100.0) 5,324 (100.0) 7,017 (100.0)
Yes 2,527 (20.5) 1,187 (22.3) 1,340 (19.1)
No 9,814 (79.5) 4,137 (77.7) 5,677 (80.9)
Automatic brush 0.020
Total 12,341 (100.0) 5,324 (100.0) 7,017 (100.0)
Yes 1,419 (11.5) 653 (12.3) 766 (10.9)
No 10,922 (88.5) 4,671 (87.7) 6,251 (89.1)
Oral hygiene auxiliaries etc. 0.825
Total 12,341 (100.0) 5,324 (100.0) 7,017 (100.0)
Yes 274 (2.22) 120 (2.25) 154 (2.19)
No 12,067 (97.8) 5,204 (97.7) 6,863 (97.8)
Smoking experience 0.003
Total 12,340 (100.0) 5,320 (100.0) 7,020 (100.0)
Yes 1,971 (16.0) 790 (14.8) 1,181 (16.8)
No 10,369 (84.0) 4,530 (85.2) 5,839 (83.2)
Smoking status 0.000
Total 12,340 (100.0) 5,321 (100.0) 7,019 (100.0)
Current 469 (3.8) 159 (3.0) 310 (4.4)
Ex-smoker 1,098 (8.9) 471 (8.9) 627 (8.9)
Never 10,773 (87.3) 4,691 (88.2) 6,082 (86.7)
Smoking days of the past one month 0.000
Total 12,328 (100.0) 5,317 (100.0) 7,011 (100.0)
1 and over 759 (6.2) 278 (5.2) 481 (6.9)
Never 11,569 (93.8) 5,039 (94.8) 6,530 (93.1)
Perceived oral health status 0.000
Total 12,336 (100.0) 5,323 (100.0) 7,013 (100.0)
Very good 463 (3.75) 221 (4.15) 242 (3.45)
good 2,634 (21.4) 1,224 (23.0) 1,410 (20.1)
Fair 6,143 (49.8) 2,667 (50.1) 3,476 (49.6)
Poor 2,763 (22.4) 1,088 (20.4) 1,675 (23.9)
Very poor 333 (2.7) 123 (2.3) 210 (3.0)
Dental treatment demand for the past one year 0.000
Total 12,347 (100.0) 5,326 (100.0) 7,021 (100.0)
Yes 6,079 (49.2) 2,882 (54.1) 3,197 (45.5)
No 6,268 (50.8) 2,444 (45.9) 3,824 (54.5)
Frequency of snack intake per day 0.291
Total 11,818 (100.0) 5,107 (100.0) 6,711 (100.0)
No intake 1,167 (9.9) 488 (9.6) 679 (10.1)
Once 3,754 (31.8) 1,613 (31.6) 2,141 (31.9)
2-3 times 5,629 (47.6) 2,429 (47.6) 3,200 (47.7)
4 and over 1,268 (10.7) 577 (11.3) 691 (10.3)
Frequency of cariogenic beverages intake 0.116
Total 12,019 (100.0) 5,177 (100.0) 6,842 (100.0)
No intake 4,343 (36.1) 1,879 (36.3) 2,464 (36.0)
Once 4,694 (39.1) 1,978 (38.2) 2,716 (39.7)
2-3 times 2,548 (21.2) 1,113 (21.5) 1,435 (21.0)
4 and over 434 (3.6) 207 (4.0) 227 (3.3)

The data were analysed by χ

2 -test.

Table 4.
Factors related to periodontal health on Multiple Logistic Regression analysis
Variables B S.E. Wald P-value Exp (B)
Region (Rural area) 0.299 0.057 27.447 0.000 1.349
Sex (Boys) ―0.007 0.040 0.034 0.855 0.993
age (12) 0.246 0.041 35.379 0.000 1.278
Before breakfast Toothbrushing (No) 0.095 0.055 3.038 0.081 1.100
After breakfast Toothbrushing (No) 0.121 0.058 4.268 0.039 1.128
After lunch Toothbrushing (No) ―0.067 0.043 2.439 0.118 0.935
After dinner Toothbrushing (No) 0.024 0.043 0.302 0.583 1.024
Before sleep Toothbrushing (No) 0.090 0.044 4.245 0.039 1.094
Dental floss (No) 0.259 0.057 20.888 0.000 1.296
Gargling (No) 0.083 0.048 3.016 0.082 1.087
Automatic brush (No) ―0.002 0.060 0.001 0.971 0.998
Oral hygiene auxiliaries Etc. (No) ―0.074 0.130 0.327 0.568 0.929
Smoking experiences (Yes) 0.073 0.106 0.474 0.491 1.076
Smoking status (Never) 0.159 0.125 1.636 0.201 1.173
Smokins days for the past one month (1 and over) 0.156 0.133 1.374 0.241 1.169
Perceived oral health status* 0.105 0.023 20.044 0.000 1.110
Dental treatment demand for the past one year (No) 0.276 0.039 51.391 0.000 1.318
Frequency of snack intake per day† ―0.049 0.025 3.830 0.050 0.952
Frequency of cariogenic beverages intake† ―0.018 0.024 0.569 0.450 0.982
Cox and Snell R-square .021

*Ordinal Variable. 1: Very good, 2: Good, 3: Fair, 4: Poor, 5: Very poor.

† Ordinal Variable. 1: No intake, 2: Once, 3: 2-3 times, 4: 4 and over.

TOOLS
Similar articles