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Abstract
Background
Adiponectin is a plasma protein secreted by adipose tissues and low serum adiponectin concentration has been reported to be associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MS). We evaluated the performance of an ELISA-based assay for measuring serum adiponectin levels and established reference intervals of adiponectin for Korean population.
Methods
Laboratory performance, including precision and linearity, of the AdipoMark Human Adiponectin ELISA kit (Mesdia Co., Korea) was assessed. Reference intervals of adiponectin concentration were determined after evaluation of 1200 subjects with no history of MS. Adiponectin was also measured in 100 patients with MS.
Results
The mean concentrations of serum samples tested for precision evaluation were 6.66, 12.61, and 23.42 µg/mL: the ELISA showed total imprecision of 13.6%, 9.3%, and 10.5% CV for the respective concentrations. The assay demonstrated linear responses in the range of 1.8-29.9 µg/mL serum adiponectin levels. The 95% reference intervals for Korean population were 3.6-19.2 µg/mL for men and 4.5-34.2 µg/mL for women. ROC-area under the curve values of adiponectin for the diagnosis of MS were 0.85 for men and 0.83 for women. Low adiponectin level was independently associated with MS in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
The adiponectin quantitation assay evaluated in this study showed acceptable laboratory and clinical performances in an ELISA platform. To meet the ever-increasing demand for a reliable assay for measuring adiponectin levels in the study of various metabolic diseases, this assay could be further improved by the automation of the platform.
Figures and Tables
Fig. 1
Determination of the linear relationship between the serum adiponectin levels by using AdipoMark Human Adiponectin ELISA kit. Dashed line indicates polynomial fit.
Fig. 2
Distribution of serum adiponectin levels according to the age and sex of the subjects without metabolic syndrome. Serum adiponectin levels were higher in women than in men. Age-related variation in adiponectin levels was only observed in female subjects. P-values were calculated by Mann Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test. The upper and lower ends of the boxes and box inner lines correspond to the upper and lower quartiles and median values, respectively. Whiskers denote the minimum and maximum values, and the circles indicate individual values.
Table 1
Precision performance of the AdipoMark ELISA for measuring serum adiponectin levels during a 10-day evaluation period
Table 2
Characteristics of Korean subjects (N=1,200) for the establishment of reference intervals
*N=120 for the respective age and sex groups; †Men vs. women (P-values were calculated by Mann Whitney U test.); ‡P-value for the difference among the age groups was calculated by Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction to compensate alpha-statistical error from multiple comparisons.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Table 3
Reference intervals of serum adiponectin levels in the groups classified according to age and sex
Table 4
Correlation between serum adiponectin levels (µg/mL) and other variables in normal Korean subjects (N=1,200) with no history of metabolic syndrome*
Table 5
Results of the multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression with metabolic syndrome as a dependent variable and other factors as predictors in patients with metabolic syndrome (N=100) and healthy subjects (N=1,200)
*Age, diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference did not show a statistically significant association with the presence of metabolic syndrome in the multivariate analysis.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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