Effect of instrument compliance on the polymerization shrinkage stress measurements of dental resin composites

Deog-Gyu Seo; Sun-Hong Min; In-Bog Lee

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.2.145

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Seo, Min, and Lee: Effect of instrument compliance on the polymerization shrinkage stress measurements of dental resin composites

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2009; 34(2): 145-153.

Published online: 31 March 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.2.145

Effect of instrument compliance on the polymerization shrinkage stress measurements of dental resin composites

Deog-Gyu Seo¹, Sun-Hong Min², In-Bog Lee²

¹Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Korea.

²Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Korea.

Corresponding Author: In-Bog Lee. Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 275-1 Yeongeon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, 110-768, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2072-3953, Fax: 82-2-2072-3859, inboglee@snu.ac.kr

Received 12 February 2009 Revised 27 February 2009 Accepted 3 March 2009

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of instrument compliance on the polymerization shrinkage stress measurements of dental composites. The contraction strain and stress of composites during light curing were measured by a custom made stress-strain analyzer, which consisted of a displacement sensor, a cantilever load cell and a negative feedback mechanism. The instrument can measure the polymerization stress by two modes: with compliance mode in which the instrument compliance is allowed, or without compliance mode in which the instrument compliance is not allowed.

A flowable (Filtek Flow: FF) and two universal hybrid (Z100: Z1 and Z250: Z2) composites were studied. A silane treated metal rod with a diameter of 3.0 mm was fixed at free end of the load cell, and other metal rod was fixed on the base plate. Composite of 1.0 mm thickness was placed between the two rods and light cured. The axial shrinkage strain and stress of the composite were recorded for 10 minutes during polymerization, and the tensile modulus of the materials was also determined with the instrument. The statistical analysis was conducted by ANOVA, paired t-test and Tukey's test (α<0.05).

There were significant differences between the two measurement modes and among materials. With compliance mode, the contraction stress of FF was the highest: 3.11 (0.13), followed by Z1: 2.91 (0.10) and Z2: 1.94 (0.09) MPa. When the instrument compliance is not allowed, the contraction stress of Z1 was the highest: 17.08 (0.89), followed by FF: 10.11 (0.29) and Z2: 9.46 (1.63) MPa. The tensile modulus for Z1, Z2 and FF was 2.31 (0.18), 2.05 (0.20), 1.41 (0.11) GPa, respectively. With compliance mode, the measured stress correlated with the axial shrinkage strain of composite; while without compliance the elastic modulus of materials played a significant role in the stress measurement.

Keywords: Dental composites, Polymerization shrinkage stress, Instrument compliance, Negative feedback system, Tensile modulus

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of a custom-made stress-strain analyzer using a negative feedback mechanism for the measurement of polymerization stress

Figure 2

Relationship between applied loads and output voltages from load cell.

Figure 3

A representative curve of axial strain and stress of Z100 measured with compliance (0.47 µm/N).

Figure 4

A representative curve of axial strain and stress of Z100 measured without compliance.

Table 1

Materials used in the study.

Table 2

The measured axial strains (µm) and shrinkage stresses (MPa) of three resin composites with compliance or without compliance (n=4).

Values with the same superscript letter in the same column are not statistically different.

Table 3

The measured free volume shrinkage (%)4,8,28) and tensile modulus (GPa) of three resin composites (n=4).

Table 4

The calculated linear shrinkage (%), estimated stress (MPa), and reduction in stress (%) between the estimated stress and measured stress in the experiment without compliance.

Calculated Linear Shrinkage (%) = Free Volume Shrinkage/3

Estimated Stress (MPa) = Calculated Linear Shrinkage × Tensile Modulus

Reduction in Stress (%) = 100 × (Estimated Stress - Measured Stress)/Estimated Stress

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