A comparative study on radiopacity of canal filling and retrograde root-end filling materials

Yong-Sang Kim; Seo-Kyong Kim; Yun-Chan Hwang; In-Nam Hwang; Won-Mann Oh

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2008.33.2.107

Journal List > J Korean Acad Conserv Dent > v.33(2) > 1056292

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Kim, Kim, Hwang, Hwang, and Oh: A comparative study on radiopacity of canal filling and retrograde root-end filling materials

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2008; 33(2): 107-114.

Published online: 31 March 2008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2008.33.2.107

A comparative study on radiopacity of canal filling and retrograde root-end filling materials

Yong-Sang Kim, Seo-Kyong Kim, Yun-Chan Hwang, In-Nam Hwang, Won-Mann Oh

Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, DSRI, Chonnam National University, BK21, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Won-Mann Oh. Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 8 Hak-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea. Tel: 82-62-220-4431, Fax: 82-62-225-8387, wmoh@chonnam.ac.kr

Received 24 January 2008 Revised 22 February 2008 Accepted 6 March 2008

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

This study was performed to assess the radiopacity of a variety of canal filling and retrograde root-end filling materials according to the specification concerning root canal obturation materials.

Ten materials including Gutta-percha pellets, amalgam, Fuji II LC, Dyract® AP, Super EBA®, IRM®, AH 26®, Sealapex™, Tubli-Seal™ and dentin were evaluated in this study. In the first part, densitometric reading of an each step of aluminum step wedge on occlusal film were performed at 60 kVp (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 s), 70 kVp (0.2, 0.3, 0.33 s) to decide appropriate voltage and exposure time. In the second part, ten specimens which are 5 mm in diameter and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mm in thickness, were fabricated from each material studied. The specimens were radiographed simultaneously with an aluminum step wedge under decided condition (60 kVp, 0.2 s). The mean radiographic density values of the materials were transformed into radiopacity expressed equivalent thickness of aluminum (mm Al).

The following results were obtained.

Among the various conditions including 0.2 s, 0.3 s, 0.4 s at 60 kVp and 0.2 s, 0.3 s, 0.33 s at 70 kVp, the appropriate voltage and exposure time that meet the requirement of density from 0.5 to 2.0 was 0.2 s at 60 kVp.
All of the materials in this study had greater radiopacity than the minimun level recommended by ISO No. 4049 standards.
Most of the materials had greater radiopacity than 3 mm Al requirement of ANSI/ADA specification No. 57 (2000) and ISO No. 6876 (2001) standards except for Fuji II LC and Dyract.

It suggests that all experimental canal filling and retrograde root-end filling materials have a sufficient radiopacity that meet the requirement concerning root canal obturation materials except for Fuji II LC and Dyract.

Keywords: Radiopacity, Aluminum step wedge, Canal filling, Retrograde root-end filling materials

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

A radiograph showing the radiopacities of each experimental material and dentin and their equivalence to those of the aluminum step wedge.

Figure 2

Standard curve for the optical density of the aluminum step wedge at 60 kVp, 0.2 s.

Figure 3

Radiopacities expressed in mean equivalent aluminum thicknesss for experimental materials in comparision with dentin.

Table 1

Mean values and standard deviations of the radiopacity values in terms of equivalent thickness of aluminum for the experimental materials

References

1. Seltzer S, Bender IB, Smith J, Freedman I, Nazimov H. Endodontic failures. An analysis based on clinical roentgenographic and histologic findings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1967. 23:517–530.

2. Gutmann JL, Harrison JW. Surgical Endodontics. 1994. St. Louis, MO: IEA Inc..

3. Eliasson ST, Haasken B. Radiopacity of impression materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1979. 47:485–491.

4. American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA). Specification No. 57: endodontic sealing materials. 1999. 2nd draft. Chicago: American Dental Association;(revision).

5. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 2001. Geneva, Switzerland: Dental Root Canal Sealing Materials;6876.

6. Tagger M, Katz A. A standard for radiopacity of root-end (retrograde) filling materials is urgently needed. Int Endod J. 2004. 37:260–264.

7. ISO : DP 4049 Dental resin based restorative materials. International standards organization (draft proposal) Clause. 1985. 6:10.

8. Grossman LI, Oliet S, Del-Rio CE. Endodontic practice. 1988. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

9. Orlay HG. Overfilling in root canal treatment. Two accidents with N2. Br Dent J. 1966. 120:376.

10. Abou-Tabl ZM, Tidy DC, Combe EC. Radiopacity of composite restorative materials. Br Dent J. 1979. 147:187–188.

11. Beyer-Olsen EM, Ørstavik D. Radiopacity of root canal sealers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1981. 51:320–328.

12. Kaffe I, Littner MM, Tagger M, Tamse A. Is the radiopacity standard for gutta-percha sufficient in clinical use? J Endod. 1983. 9:58–59.

13. Bae KS, Eom JM. A Study on the Radiopacity of Root Canal Sealers. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 1993. 18:133–143.

14. Torabinejad M, Higa RK, McKendry DJ, Pitt Ford TR. Dye leakage of four root end filling materials : effects of blood contamination. J Endod. 1994. 20:159–163.

15. Bates CF. Carnes DL, del Rio CE. Longitudinal sealing ability of mineral Trioxide Aggregates as a root end filling material. J Endod. 1996. 22:575–578.

16. Dorn SO, Gartner AH. Retrograde filling materials : A retrospective success failure study of amalgam, EBA, and IRM. J Endod. 1990. 16:391–393.

17. Yaccino JM, Walker WA III, Carnes DL Jr, Schindler WG. Longitudinal microleakage evaluation of Super-EBA as a root end sealing material. J Endod. 1999. 25:552–554.

18. Dammaschke T, Gerth HU, Zuchner H, Schafer E. Chemical and physical surface and bulk material characterization of white ProRoot MTA and two Portland cements. Dent Mater. 2005. 21:731–738.

19. Chong BS, Pitt Ford TR, Watson TF. Light-cured glass ionomer cement as a retrograde root seal. Int Endod J. 1993. 26:218–224.

20. Aoyagi Y, Takahashi H, Iwasaki N, Honda E, Kurabayashi T. Radiopacity of experimental composite resins containing radiopaque materials. Dent Mater J. 2005. 24:315–320.

21. Limkangwalmongkol S, Abbott PV, Sandler AB, Apical dye. Apical dye penetration with four root canal sealers and guttapercha using longitudinal sectioning. J Endod. 1992. 18:535.

22. Kim CK, Ryu HW, Chang HS, Lee BD, Min KS, Hong CU. Evaluation of the radiopacity and cytotoxicity of resinous root canal sealers. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007. 32:419–425.

23. Holland R, de Souza V. Ability of a new calcium hydroxide root canal filling material to induce hard tissue formation. J Endod. 1985. 11:535–543.

24. Tanomaru-Filho M, Jorge EG, Tanomaru JM, Gonçalves M. Evaluation of the radiopacity of calcium hydroxideand glass-ionomer-based root canal sealers. Int Endod J. 2007. 41:50–53.

25. Shah PM, Chong BS, Sidhu SK, Ford TR. Radiopacity of potential root-end filling materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1996. 81:476–479.

26. Russin TP, Zardiackas LD, Reader A, Menke RA. Apical seals obtained with laterally condensed chloroform softened gutta-percha and laterally condensed gutta-percha and Grossmans sealer. J Endod. 1980. 6:678–682.

27. Katz A, Kaffe I, Littner M, Tagger M, Tamse A. Densitometric measurement of radiopacity of guttapercha cones and root dentin. J Endod. 1990. 16:211–213.

28. Orfali S, Lilley JD, Molokhia A. The radiopacity of some endodontic sealer cements. J Dent Res. 1987. 66:876.

TOOLS

Similar articles