The bonding durability of resin cements

Min-Woo Cho; Sang-Hyuk Park; Jong-Ryul Kim; Kyoung-Kyu Choi

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.4.343

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Cho, Park, Kim, and Choi: The bonding durability of resin cements

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2007; 32(4): 343-355.

Published online: 31 July 2007

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.4.343

The bonding durability of resin cements

Min-Woo Cho, Sang-Hyuk Park, Jong-Ryul Kim, Kyoung-Kyu Choi

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Dentistry, Graduate of Kyung Hee University, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Kyoung-Kyu Choi. Professor of Division of Dentistry, Graduate school of KyungHee University, 1, Hoegi Dong, Dongdaemun Gu, Seoul, Korea, 130-701. Tel: 82-2-958-9337, choikkyu@khu.ac.kr

Received 7 May 2007 Revised 10 May 2007 Accepted 14 May 2007

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the durability of 4 resin cements by means of microtensile bond strength test combined with thermocycling method and fractographic FE-SEM analysis.

Experimental groups were prepared according to thermocycling (0, 1,000, 5,000) and the kind of resin cements, those were Variolink II, Multilink, Panavia F 2.0, Rely X Unicem. Flat dentin surfaces were created on mid-coronal dentin of extracted third molars. Then fresh dentin surface was grounded with 320-grit silicon carbide abrasive papers to create uniform smear layers. Indirect composite block (Tescera, Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA) was fabricated (12 × 12 × 6 mm³). It's surface for bonding to tooth was grounded with silicon carbide abrasive papers from 180- to 600-grit serially, then sandblasted with 20 - 50 µm alumina oxide. According to each manufacturer's instruction, dentin surface was treated and indirect composite block was luted on it using each resin cement. For Rely X Unicem, dentin surface was not treated. The bonded tooth-resin block were stored in distilled water at 37℃ for 24 hours. After thermocycling, the bonded tooth-resin block was sectioned occluso-gingivally to 1.0 mm thick serial slabs using an Isomet slow-speed saw (Isomet, Buehler Ltd, Lake Bluff, IL, USA). These sectioned slabs were further sectioned to 1.0 × 1.0 mm² composite-dentin beams. The specimens were tested with universal testing machine (EZ-Test, Shimadzu, Japan) at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min with maximum load of 500 N. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison test at p ≤ 0.05 level.

Within the limited results, we conclude as follows;

1. The bond strength of Variolink II was evaluated the highest among experimental groups and was significantly decreased after 1,000 thermocycling (p < 0.05).

2. The bond strength of Multilink was more affected by thermocycling than the other experimental groups and significantly decreased after 1,000 thermocycling (p < 0.05).

3. Panavia F 2.0 and Rely X Unicem showed the gradually decreased tendency of microtensile bond strength according to thermocycling but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05).

4. Adhesive based-resin cements showed lower bond strength with or without thermocycling than composite based-resin cements.

5. Variolink II & Multilink showed high bond strength and mixed failure, which was occurred with a thin layer of luting resin cement before thermocycling and gradually increased adhesive failure along the dentin surface after thermocycling.

The bonding performance of resin cement can be affected by application procedure and chemical composition. Composite based-resin cement showed higher bond strength and durability than adhesive based-resin cement.

Keywords: Bonding Durability, Resin Cement, Variolink II, Multilink, Panavia F 2.0, Rely X Unicem

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Schematic presentation of thermocycling method.

Figure 2

Schematic presentation of µTBS testing.

Figure 3

Microtensile bond strength of Variolink II.

Figure 4

Microtensile bond strength of Multilink.

Figure 5

Microtensile bond strength of Panavia F 2.0.

Figure 6

Microtensile bond strength of Rely X Unicem.

Figure 7

Comparison of µTBS for each experimental group.

Figure 8

FE-SEM photograph illustrating the resin/dentin interface (× 1000).

a. Cross-sectioned image of Variolink II. The thickness of resin cement was approximately 30 µm, hybrid layer was 10 µm, and the adhesive layer was likely thick. Uniform resin tags could be noticed. b. Cross-sectioned image of Multilink. The short and uncertain resin tags were formed. Hybrid layer was not certain. The thickness of resin cement was approximately 50 µm. c. Cross-sectioned image of Pavavia F 2.0. The thickness of resin cement was approximately 30 µm, slender resin tags were formed and hybrid layer was not certain. d. Cross-sectioned image of Rely X Unicem. The thickness of resin cement was approximately 15 µm and hybrid layer and resin tag were not formed. Notice slightly detached interface between resin cement and dentin. (RC : Resin cement, AD : Adhesive layer, HL : Hybrid layer, RT : Resin tag, D : Dentin, R : Tescera composite resin)

Figure 9

Debonded interface of Variolink II (× 100). A : adhesive, D : dentin

Figure 10

Debonded interface of Multilink (× 100). A : adhesive

Figure 11

Debonded interface of Panavia F 2.0 (× 100). A : adhesive

Figure 12

Debonded interface of Rely X Unicem (× 100).

Figure 13

Debonded interface of Variolink II without thermocycling (× 1000).

Failure mode was mixed failure and dentinal tuble was observed.

Figure 14

Debonded interface of Multilink without thermocycling (× 2000).

Failure mode was mixed failure and small dentinal tubule was observed.

Table 1

Resin cements used in this study

Table 2

Bonding system of resin cements used in this study

Table 3

Bonding procedure of resin cements used in this study

Table 4

Microtensile bond strengths(MPa, mean strength ± SD) of 12 experimental groups

^*Groups with the same superscripts are not statistically significant.

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