The effect of the pH of remineralized buffer solutions on dentin remineralization

Sung-Chul Kim; Bung-Duk Roh; Il-Young Jung; Chan-Young Lee

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.2.151

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Kim, Roh, Jung, and Lee: The effect of the pH of remineralized buffer solutions on dentin remineralization

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2007; 32(2): 151-161.

Published online: 31 March 2007

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.2.151

The effect of the pH of remineralized buffer solutions on dentin remineralization

Sung-Chul Kim, Bung-Duk Roh, Il-Young Jung, Chan-Young Lee

Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Chan-Young Lee. Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 134, Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2228-8700, chanyoungl@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr

Received 25 January 2007 Revised 15 February 2007 Accepted 22 February 2007

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Dental caries is the most common disease in the oral cavity. However, the mechanism and treatment of dental caries is not completely understood since many complex factors are involved. Especially the effect of pH on remineralization of early stage of dental caries is still controversial.

In this study, dental caries in dentin was induced by using lactic acidulated buffering solutions and the loss of inorganic substance was measured. Also decalcified specimens were remineralized by three groups of solution with different pH (group of pH 4.3, 5.0, and 5.5). Then, the amount and the area of inorganic substance precipitation was quantitatively analyzed with microradiograph. Also a qualitative comparison of the normal phase, the demineralized phase, and the remineralized phase of hydroxyapatite crystal was made under SEM.

The results were as follows;

In microradiograghic analysis, as the pH increased, the amount of remineralization in decalcified dentin tended to increase significantly. As the pH decreaced, deeper decalcification, however, occurred along with remineralization. The group of pH 5.5 had a tendency to be remineralized without demineralization (p < 0.05).
In SEM view, the remineralization in dentine caries occurred from the hydroxyapatite crystal surface surrounding the mesh of organic matrix, and eventually filled up the demineralized area.
5 days after remineralization, hydroxyapatite crystal grew bigger with deposition of inorganic substance in pH 4.3 and 5.0 group, and the crystal in the remineralized area appeared to return to normal. After 10 days, the crystals in group of pH 4.3 and 5.0, which grew bigger after 5 days of remineralization, turned back to their normal size, but in group of pH 5.5, some crystals were found to double their size.

In according to the results of this experiment, the decalcifying and remineralizing process of dentine is neither simple nor independent, but a dynamic process in which decalcification and remineralization occur simultaneously. The remineralization process occurred from the hydroxyapatite crystal surface.

Keywords: Remineralization, Dentin, pH, Demineralization, Enamel, Scanning electron microscope

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Quantitative mineral density change of dentin during de- & remineralization of pH 4.3 group.

Figure 2

Quantitative mineral density change of dentin during de- & remineralization of pH 5.0 group.

Figure 3

Quantitative mineral density change of dentin during de- & remineralization of pH 5.5 group.

Figure 4

SEM micrograph of normal dentin (× 100,000).

Figure 5

SEM micrograph of the demineralized dentin (× 100,000).

Figure 6

SEM micrograph of the remineralizeddentin of pH 4.3 group at 30 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 7

SEM micrograph of the demineralized dentin of pH 4.3 group at 70 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 8

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 5.0 group at 50 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 9

SEM micrograph of the demineralized dentin of pH 5.0 group at 70 µm area from thesurface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 10

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 5.5 group at 40 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 11

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 5.5 group at 70 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 12

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 4.3 group at 30 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 13

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 4.3 group at 70 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 14

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 5.0 group at 50 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 15

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 5.0 group at 70 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 16

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 5.5 group at 40 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 17

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 5.5 group at 70 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Table 1

Initial composition of demineralization solution

Table 2

Initial composition of remineralization solution

Table 3

Quantitative mineral change (%) of dentin during de-& remineralization

^*: p < 0.05

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