The effect of NaOCl treatment and sterilization procedures on the corrosion of endodontic files

Won-Kyung Yang; Yoon-Sik Ra; Young-Kyoo Lee; Ho-Hyun Son; Mi-Ri Kim

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.2.121

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Yang, Ra, Lee, Son, and Kim: The effect of NaOCl treatment and sterilization procedures on the corrosion of endodontic files

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2005; 30(2): 121-127.

Published online: 31 March 2005

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.2.121

The effect of NaOCl treatment and sterilization procedures on the corrosion of endodontic files

Won-Kyung Yang¹, Yoon-Sik Ra¹, Young-Kyoo Lee², Ho-Hyun Son³, Mi-Ri Kim¹

¹Department of Conservative Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Asan Medical Center, Korea.

²Department of Periodontics, Department of Dentistry, Asan Medical Center, Korea.

³Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Korea.

Corresponding author: Mi-Ri Kim. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Asan Medical Center, 388-1, Poongnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea, 138-736. Tel: 82-2-3010-3824, Fax: 82-2-3010-6967, kmr333@unitel.co.kr

Received 30 August 2004 Revised 28 October 2004 Accepted 9 November 2004

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

A variety files made of stainless steel (S-S) or nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) are used during endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the corrosion susceptibility of S-S and Ni-Ti endodontic files. Three brands of files were used for this study: K-flex® S-S files (Maillefer, USA), Profile® Ni-Ti files (Maillefer, USA), K-3® Ni-Ti files (SybronEndo, USA). 120 files of each brands (21mm, ISO size #20) were divided into 12 groups according to 1) sterilization methods using Autoclave or Ethylene Oxide (E-O) gas, 2) Irrigation solutions using 5.25 % NaOCl or Saline, 3) the number of sterilization (1, 5, 10 times). After above procedures, each of the files was inspected by three examiners with a light microscope and camera at X25. Each file was judged and ranked according to the following criteria: 0; no corrosion, 1; mild corrosion, 2; moderate corrosion, and 3; severe corrosion. The files of high score were examined under the Scanning Electron Microscope.

Data were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). Most of the ten time-autoclaved files had showed mild to moderate corrosion. But, one or five time-autoclaved files did not show corrosive surface. NaOCl treatment and E-O gas sterilization did not influence on corrosion. There was a significant difference in corrosion susceptibility between sterilization methods and the number of autoclaving. However, there was no significant difference between brands and file materials.

Keywords: K-flex® file, Profile®, K-3® file, Autoclave, Ethylene Oxide gas sterilization, NaOCl, Corrosion

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Low magnification of untreated K-flex® file, Profile®, and K-3® file (SEM photo).

Figure 2

SEM photographs of K-flex® file treated with sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved ten-times (left arrow; fissure line, right arrows; pitting).

Figure 3

Low magnification (left) and high magnification (right) of Profile® treated with sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved ten-times (arrow; pitting)

Figure 4

Low magnification (left) and high magnification (right) of K-3® file treated with sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved ten-times (arrows; pitting).

Figure 5

Sum of corrosion scores of autoclaved files (O; NaOCl, X; Saline).

Ten times-autoclaved files had significantly different from one or five times-autocaved files (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between brands and file materials.

Figure 6

Sum of corrosion scores of E-O gas sterilized files (O; NaOCl, X; Saline).

EO-gas sterilized files did not showed significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between brands and file materials.

Table 1

Classification of the experimental groups. The files in each group were immersed in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or normal saline for 10 minutes before sterilization (36 groups, n = 10 / group).

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