Antibacterial effect of polyphosphate on endodontopathic bacteria

Jeong-Hee Shin; Sang-Jin Park; Gi-Woon Choi

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2003.28.6.435

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Shin, Park, and Choi: Antibacterial effect of polyphosphate on endodontopathic bacteria

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2003; 28(6): 435-448.

Published online: 30 November 2003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2003.28.6.435

Antibacterial effect of polyphosphate on endodontopathic bacteria

Jeong-Hee Shin, Sang-Jin Park, Gi-Woon Choi

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Dentistry, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, Korea.

Corresponding author (gwchoi@khu.ac.kr)

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

This study was performed to observe the antibacterial effect of polyphosphate (polyP) with various chain lengths (P3~P75) on virulent, invasive strains of P. gingivalis A7A1-28 and W50, and multidrug resistant E. faecalis ATCC29212. P. gingivalis strains were grown in brain-heart infusion broth (BHI) containing hemin and vitamin K with or without polyP. PolyP was added at the very beginning of the culture or during the exponential growth phase of the culture. Inhibition of the growth of P. gingivalis was determined by measuring the absorbancy at 540nm of the grown cells. Viable cell counts of the culture and release of intracellular nucleotide from P. gingivalis were measured. E. faecalis was grown in plain BHI with antibiotics alone or in combination with polyP(calgon; 0.1~1.0%) and the bacterial absorbancy was measured.

The overall results suggest that polyP has a strong antibacterial effect on the growth of the virulent strains of P. gingivalis and the antibacterial activity of polyP seems largely bactericidal, accompanying bacteriolysis in which chelation phenomenon is not involved. Although polyP does not exert antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, it appears to increase antibacterial effect of erythromycin and tetracycline on the bacterium. Therefore, polyP alone or in combination with antibiotics may be developed as a candidate for the agent controlling oral infections including endodontic infection.

Keywords: Endodontopathic bacteria, Polyphosphate, Antibacterial effect, P. gingivalis, E. faecalis, Calgon

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Inhibitory effect of polyP with various chain lengths(P3~P75) on the growth of P. gingivalis A7A1-28

Fig. 2

Inhibitory effect of polyP with various chain lengths(P3~P75) on the growth of P. gingivalis W50

Fig. 3

A change in the growth of P. ginvivalis A7A1-28 with polyP75 added in the early exponential phase

Fig. 4

A change in the growth of P. ginvivalis W50 with polyP75 added in the early exponential phase

Fig. 5

The viable cell counts of P. ginvivalis A7A1-28 in the presence of polyP75

Fig. 6

The viable cell counts P. ginvivalis W50 in the presence of polyP75

Table 1

Leakage of intracellular nucleotide from P. gingivalis A7A1-28 in the presence of polyP75^a

^a; Cells grown up to their optical density of 0.6 at 540 nm were further incubated with various reagents alone or in combination and then intracellular nucleotide release from the cells was determined by measuring the absorbance at 260 nm.

Table 2

Leakage of intracellular nucleotide from P. gingivalis W50 in the presence of polyP75^a

Table 3

Effect of polyP (Calgon) on the growth of E. faecalis ATCC 29212^a

^a; Calgon at the concentrations of 0.1~1.0% was added to an inoculum of E. faecalis in BHI at the very beginning of the culture and incubated for 12 h anaerobically. Change in the growth of the bacterial cells was determined by measuring the optical density at 540 nm.

Table 4

Permeabilizing effect of polyP on sensitivity of E. faecalis to various antibiotics at lower concentrations as measured the bacterial optical density at 540 nm^a

^a; Antibiotics at lower concentrations with or without Calgon (0.1~1.0%) were added to the culture and incubated as described in Table 3. The optical density of growing E. faecalis cells was determined at 540 nm.

Abbreviation; AP, ampicillin; CFX, cefotaxime; EM, erythromycin; GM, gentamicin; KM, kanamycin; PN-G, pencillin-G; TC, tetracycline.

Table 5

Permeabilizing effect of polyP on sensitivity of E. faecalis to various antibiotics at higher concentrations as measured the bacterial optical density at 540 nm^a

^a; The experiment was performed as described in Table 4 except that the amount of antibiotics added was doubled.

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