The Well-Being and Treatment Satisfaction of Diabetic Patients in an Outpatient Setting at a General Hospital in Korea

Hwa-Sun Park; Sin Na Lee; Min Young Baek; Seung Hee Yu; Young Sil Eom; Sihoon Lee; Ki Young Lee; Yeun Sun Kim; Byung Joon Kim; Kwang Won Kim; Ie Byung Park

doi:10.4093/jkd.2016.17.2.123

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Park, Lee, Baek, Yu, Eom, Lee, Lee, Kim, Kim, Kim, and Park: The Well-Being and Treatment Satisfaction of Diabetic Patients in an Outpatient Setting at a General Hospital in Korea

Original Article

J Korean Diabetes 2016;17(2):123-133.

Published online: 10 January 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkd.2016.17.2.123

The Well-Being and Treatment Satisfaction of Diabetic Patients in an Outpatient Setting at a General Hospital in Korea

Hwa-Sun Park, Sin Na Lee, Min Young Baek, Seung Hee Yu, Young Sil Eom, Sihoon Lee, Ki Young Lee, Yeun Sun Kim, Byung Joon Kim, Kwang Won Kim, Ie Byung Park

Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea

Corresponding author: Ie Byung Park Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea, E-mail: park712@gilhospital.com. Hwa-Sun Park and Sin Na Lee contributed equally to this study as first authors.

Received 19 July 2015 Revised 19 August 2015 Accepted 9 September 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to assess the psychological well-being and treatment satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a general hospital in Korea.

Methods

This study included 440 type 2 diabetes patients above 20 years of age. Well-Being Questionnaire-12 (WBQ-12) and Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire were used to survey well-being and treatment satisfaction, respectively. WBQ-12 consists of 4 categories: negative well-being (NWB), energy (ENE), positive well-being (PWB), and general well-being (GWB).

Results

There were significant associations between NWB scores and women, low education, low-income, and number of hospital admissions. Significant associations were also identified between ENE scores and men, higher education, insulin nonusers, high-income, compliance with recommended exercise, number of medications, satisfaction with treatment time, and poor glycemic control. PWB scores were significantly associated with high-income, satisfaction with waiting and treatment times, compliance with recommended diet and exercise, and number of medications. GWB scores were significantly associated with men, higher education, high-income, satisfaction with waiting and treatment times, compliance with recommended exercise, and number of medications. Treatment satisfaction was significantly associated with age, satisfaction with waiting and treatment times, compliance with recommended diet and exercise, and duration of diabetes.

Conclusion

Diabetes care requires psychosocial support in addition to medical care. Unlike Western studies, our study found that satisfaction with waiting and treatment times had a strong correlation with well-being and treatment satisfaction in diabetes patients.

Keywords: Diabetes, Diabetes treatment satisfaction questionnaire, Treatment satisfaction, Well-being, Well-Being questionnaire-12

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Table 1.

Baseline subject characteristics

Characteristic	Value
Gender
Male	221 (50.2)
Female	219 (49.8)
Age (y)	57.2 ± 10.5
Male	56.5 ± 10.3
Female	58.0 ± 10.7
Education
Illiteracy	12 (2.8)
Primary school	65 (15.1)
Middle school	82 (19.1)
High school	167 (38.9)
University	103 (24.0)
Income (104 KRW)
< 100	170 (40.9)
100∼200	85 (20.4)
200∼300	70 (16.8
300∼400	41 (9.9)
> 400	50 (12.0)
Marital status
Marital status Not married	17 (3.9)
Married	342 (78.6)
Widowed	49 (11.3
Divorced	24 (5.5)
Separated	3 (0.7)
Complication
Retinopathy	63 (52.9)
Nephropathy	18 (15.1)
Neuropathy	26 (21.8)
Diabetic foot lesion	12 (10.9)
Diabetes education
Yes	229 (52.4)
No	208 (47.6)
Hypoglycemia
Once	68 (20.3)
2 times	43 (12.8)
3 times or more	113 (33.7)
No	111 (33.1)
Diabetes duration (y)	9.38 ± 6.8
0∼9	239 (54.7)
10∼19	143 (32.7)
20∼29	50 (11.4)
30∼39	4 (0.9)
30∼39 40∼49	4 (0.9) 1 (0.2)

Values are presented as number (%) or mean ± SD. SD, standard deviation; KRW, Korean Won.

Table 2.

Subscale scores for Well-Being Questionnaire-12 (WBQ-12) and gender (independent t–test)

WBQ-12	Gender		P-value
WBQ-12	Male (n = 213)	Female (n = 209)	P-value
Negative well-being	2.06 ± 2.2	3.42 ± 3.2	< 0.001
Energy	6.63 ± 2.5	5.98 ± 2.6	0.008
Positive well-being	6.68 ± 3.1	6.27 ± 3.1	0.172
General well-being	22.65 ± 6.2	20.22 ± 6.3	< 0.001

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Table 3.

Subscale scores for Well-Being Questionnaire-12 (WBQ-12) and insulin users (independent t-test)

WBQ-12	Yes (n = 84)	Insulin user No (n = 339)	P-value
Negative well-being	3.11 ± 3.1	2.64 ± 2.7	0.170
Energy	5.56 ± 2.8	6.49 ± 2.4	0.003
Positive well-being	6.37 ± 3.2	6.51 ± 3.1	0.704
General well-being	20.44 ± 7.0	21.71 ± 6.2	0.134

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

Table 4.

Linear multiple regression for Well-Being Questionnaire-12 and multiple variables

Variable	Negative well-being			Energy			Positive well-being			General well-being
Variable	B	SE	P-value	B	SE	P-value	B	SE	P-value	B	SE	P-value
Constant	3.57	1.06	0.001	6.39	0.99	< 0.001	1.35	0.71	0.053	12.08	1.46	< 0.001
Age	–0.03	0.01	0.016
Sex	0.86	0.31	0.005
Income	–0.32	0.11	0.006	0.27	0.09	0.003	0.57	0.11	< 0.001	1.29	0.22	< 0.001
Visit number	0.09	0.03	0.003	–0.06	0.03	0.032
Satisfaction (treatment time)				0.23	0.10	0.026	0.59	0.12	0.000	0.85	0.26	< 0.001
Compliance (exercise)				0.24	0.07	0.001	0.24	0.08	0.005	0.62	0.17	< 0.001
HbA1c				–0.31	0.10	0.001

B, coefficient; SE, standard error; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.

Table 5.

Linear multiple regression for the total Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) scores and multiple variables

		Total DTSQ scores
Variable	B	SE	P-value
Constant	9.38	1.55	< 0.001
Diabetes duration	0.11	0.04	0.002
Insulin	1.34	0.61	0.029
Satisfaction (treatment time)	2.73	0.19	< 0.001
Compliance (exercise)	0.59	0.13	< 0.001

B, coefficient; SE, standard error.

Table 6.

Correlations between Well-Being Questionnaire-12 (WBQ-12) and total Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ), DTSQ-2, and DTSQ-3 scores

	Total DTSQ score	DTSQ-2	DTSQ-3
WBQ-12	Correlation P-value coefficient	Correlation P-value coefficient	Correlation coefficient	P-value
Negative well-being	–0.034 0.489	0.282 < 0.001	0.222	< 0.001
Energy	0.186 < 0.001	–0.21 < 0.001	–0.213	< 0.001
Energy Positive well-being	0.186 0.001 0.326 < 0.001	–0.21 0.001 –0.08 0.103	–0.213 –0.109	0.001 0.025
General well-being	0.238 < 0.001	–0.221 < 0.001	–0.208	< 0.001

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