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Abstract
Recent cross-sectional and prospective studies suggest an association between vitamin D deficiency and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. Vitamin D metabolism may play a role in diabetes mellitus pathogenesis independently of known risk factors. The decrease in vitamin D levels may occur through several mechanisms such as a decrease in the calcium concentration, an increase in parathyroid hormones, or a direct effect of vitamin D on worsening insulin resistance and secretion, thus augmenting the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, doubt remains as to whether low vitamin D levels are causal or merely a marker of worse disease or worse health status. Interventional studies have provided conflicting and inconclusive results due to the different populations studies, dose and time frame of vitamin D supplementation. Further studies are required.
References
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Table 1.
Potential confounders in observational studies of vitamin D
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