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Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing rapidly in association with adverse lifestyle changes such as excessive calorie intake and physical inactivity. Compelling evidence exists that physical exercise can prevent or delay progression to type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals. The results of randomized controlled trials unequivocally demonstrated that intensive lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise, can reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Moreover, follow-up studies indicate that reduction of diabetes incidence persists many years after the discontinuation of supervised lifestyle intervention. Thus, exercise training is highly efficient and cost-effective and should be an essential component in therapeutic strategies designed to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes in those at risk. The main challenge is to develop public health approaches to implement prevention trials in the general population.
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