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Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death, and the leading cause of acquired disability in adults. Survivors of stroke are at risk of a recurrent event, which is often more disabling than first-ever stroke. Recurrent strokes continue to account for 25~30% of all strokes. That represents the needs of successful secondary prevention. Appropriate secondary prevention of recurrent stroke needs rapid diagnosis and treatment and prompt identification of the underlying cardiovascular cause. Some epidemiological data suggest that a substantial proportion of strokes can be attributed to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. This review summarizes the evidence for optimum secondary prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke as integral part of physical medicine and rehabilitation.
Figures and Tables
Table 2
Prevalence and Stroke Rate at 1 Year of CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc Scores in 73 538 Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation22
Table 3
Risk Factors for All Types of Stroke in 3000 Cases of Acute First Stroke Compared with 3000 Controls with No History of Stroke in the INTERSTROKE Study28
Control participants were matched with cases for age and sex, and were assessed in 22 countries between 2007 and 2010. The multivariate model was adjusted for age, sex, and region. T3: highest tertile. T1: lowest tertile. *Cardiac causes include atrial fibrillation or flutter, previous myocardial infarction, rheumatic valve disease, or prosthetic valve disease.
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