References
1. Wade DT, Hewer RL. Functional abilities after stroke: measurement, natural history and prognosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987. 50:177–182.
2. Potempa K, Lopez M, Braun LT, Szidon JP, Fogg L, Tincknell T. Physiological outcomes of aerobic exercise training in hemiparetic stroke patients. Stroke. 1995. 26:101–105.
3. Hachisuka K, Umezu Y, Ogata H. Disuse muscle atrophy of lower limbs in hemiplegic patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997. 78:13–18.
4. Wolfson L, Jidge J, Whipple R, Kim M. Strength is a major factor in balance, gait and the occurrence of falls. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1995. 50:64–67.
5. Mol V, Baker C. Activity intolerance in the geriatric stroke patient. Rehabil Nurs. 1991. 16:337–343.
6. Jorgensen HS, Nakayama H, Raaschou HO, Olsen TS. Recovery of walking function in stroke patients: The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995. 76:27–32.
7. Goldie PA, Matyas TA, Evans OM. Deficit and change in gait velocity during rehabilitation after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996. 77:1074–1082.
8. Macko RF, Smith GV, Dobrovolny CL, Sorkin JD, Goldberg AP, Silver KH. Treadmill training improves fitness reserve in chronic stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001. 82:879–884.
9. Macko RF, DeSouza CA, Tretter L, Silver KH, Smith GV, Anderson PA, Tomoyasu N, Gorman P, Dengel DR. Treadmill aerobic exercise training reduces the energy expenditure and cardiovascular demands of hemiparetic gait in chronic stroke patients: a preliminary report. Stroke. 1997. 28:326–330.
10. Silver KH, Macko RF, Forrester LW, Goldberg AP, Smith GV. Effects of aerobic treadmill training on walking speed, cadence, and gait symmetry in chronic hemiparetic stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2000. 14:67–71.
11. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 2006. Seoul: Hanmi Medical Publishing Co;41–43.
12. Kim EJ, Kim SS, Kim WH, Lee WJ, Nam KY, Park CW, Choi SW. The selection of exercise stress test in hemiplegic patients. J Korean Acad Rehab Med. 2008. 32:26–31.
13. Macko RF, Katzel LI, Yataco A, Tretter LD, DeSouza CA, Dengel DR, Smith GV, Silver KH. Low-velocity graded treadmill stress testing in hemiparetic stroke patients. Stroke. 1997. 28:988–992.
14. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 2006. Seoul: Hanmi Medical Publishing Co;66–67.
15. Tang A, Sibley KM, Thomas SG, McIlroy WE, Brooks D. Maximal exercise test results in subacute stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006. 87:1100–1105.
16. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 2006. Seoul: Hanmi Medical Publishing Co;90–95.
17. Kim C, Lim SW, Lee SM, Ahn JK. Effectiveness of aerobic exercise in cardiac patients. J Korean Acad of Rehab Med. 2000. 24:1155–1160.
18. Duncan PW, Propst M, Nelson SG. Reliability of the Fugl-Meyer assessment of the sensorimotor recovery following cerebrovascular accident. Phys Ther. 1983. 63:1606–1610.
19. Berg K, Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI. The balance scale: reliability assessment with elderly residents and patients with an acute stroke. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1995. 27:27–36.
20. Stevenson TJ. Detecting change in patients with stroke using the Berg Balance Scale. Aust J Physiother. 2001. 47:29–38.
21. Lord SR, Menz HB, Tiedemann A. A physiological profile approach to falls risk assessment and prevention. Phys Ther. 2003. 83:237–252.
22. Ng SS, Hui-Chan CW. The timed up & go test: its reliability and association with lower-limb impairments and locomotor capacities in people with chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005. 86:1641–1647.
23. Jonsdottir J, Cattaneo D. Reliability and validity of the dynamic gait index in persons with chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007. 88:1410–1415.
24. Botner EM, Miller WC, Eng JJ. Measurement properties of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale among individuals with stroke. Disabil Rehabil. 2005. 27:156–163.
25. Potempa K, Braun L, Tinknell T, Popovich J. Benefits of aerovic exercise after stroke. Sports Med. 1996. 21:337–346.
26. Nakamura R, Watanabe S, Handa T, Morohashi I. The relationship between walking speed and muscle strength for knee extension in hemiparetic stroke patients: a follow-up study. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1988. 154:111–113.
27. Smith GV, Silver KH, Goldberg AP, Macko RF. "Task-oriented" exercise improves hamstring strength and spastic reflexes in chronic stroke patients. Stroke. 1999. 30:2112–2118.
28. Nilsson L, Carlsson J, Danielsson A, Fugl-Meyer A, Hellstrom K, Kristensen L, Sjolund B, Sunnerhagen KS, Grimby G. Walking training of patients with hemiparesis at an early stage after stroke: a comparison of walking training on a treadmill with body weight support and walking training on the ground. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2001. 15:515–527.
29. Judge JO, Lindsey C, Underwood M, Winsemius D. Balance improvements in older women: Effects of exercise training. Phys Ther. 1993. 73:254–262.
30. Whitney SL, Wrisley DM, Marchetti GF, Gee MA, Redfern MS, Furman JM. Clinical measurement of sit-to-stand performance in people with balance disorders: validity of data for the five-times-sit-to-stand test. Phys Ther. 2005. 85:1034–1045.
31. Cakit BD, Saracoglu M, Genc H, Erdem HR, Inan L. The effects of incremental speed-dependent treadmill training on postural instability and fear of falling in Parkinson's disease. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2007. 21:698–705.
32. Yang YR, Tsai MP, Chuang TY, Sung WH, Wang RY. Virtual reality-based training improves community ambulation in individuals with stroke: a randomized controlled trail. Gait & Posture. 2008. 28:201–206.
33. Broderick J, Brott T, Kothari R, Miller R, Khoury J, Pancioli A, Gebel J, Mills D, Minneci L, Shukla R. The Greater Cincinnati Northern Kentucky Stroke Study: preliminary firstever and total incidence rates of stroke among blacks. Stroke. 1998. 29:415–421.