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Park, Cho, Jin, Kim, and Kim: Posterior Glenoid Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adolescent Baseball Players
Clinical Article
Clinical Sports Medicine

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine 2017; 35(3): 162-171.

Published online: 7 December 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5763/kjsm.2017.35.3.162

Posterior Glenoid Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adolescent Baseball Players

Ki Bong Park1, Hyung Lae Cho1, Hong Ki Jin1, Sang Su Kim2, Ji Un Kim1

1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Good Samsun Hospital, Busan, Korea.

2Department of Radiology, Good Samsun Hospital, Busan, Korea.

Correspondence: Hong Ki Jin. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Good Samsun Hospital, 326 Gaya-daero, Sasang-gu, Busan 47007, Korea. Tel: +82-51-310-9289, Fax: +82-51-310-9348, hongiroom@naver.com

Received 22 September 2017       Revised 1 November 2017       Accepted 1 November 2017

Copyright © 2017 The Korean Society of Sports Medicine

The Korean Society of Sports Medicine

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of posterior glenoid lesion (PGL) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adolescent baseball players. Seventy-two adolescent baseball players (mean age, 15.1 years) who underwent MRI scan for dominant shoulder pain were enrolled and the location and morphologic features of PGLs were assessed on MRI. All players were divided into three groups based on the physeal status of proximal humerus: group I, open; group II, partial closure; and group III, complete closure. Of the 72 players, posterior glenoid rim rounding (69%) and periosteal thickening (88%) were the main PGL on axial imaging. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of glenoid (10%), Bennett lesion (6%), and posterior labral tear (21%) were also identified. On oblique sagittal imaging, bony PGL including OCD involves mid-portion of posterior glenoid consistent with the level of the infraspinatus muscle, but Bennett lesion was located relatively lower than PGL. Posterior glenoid rim rounding was more prevalent in younger players (group I, 86%; group II, 78%; group III, 43%; p=0.015), and posterior labral tears were in older players (group I, 0%; group II, 19%; group III, 38%, p=0.027). Factors related with prevalence of posterior glenoid rim rounding were increased body mass index (p=0.016), pitchers (p=0.024), and players with posterior shoulder tightness (p=0.023), but career length was not statistically significant (p=0.089). Decreasing the rate of posterior glenoid rim rounding with skeletal growth implies that it may be recovered through the remodeling process, and labral tears are increasing internal impingement lesion after physeal closure.

Keywords: Adolescent baseball thrower, Bennett lesion, Magnetic resonance imaging, Posterior glenoid

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Classification of physeal status by contralateral anteroposterior radiographs of proximal humerus. (A) Group I: open, (B) group II: partial closure, (C) group III: complete closure.

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Fig. 2

Typical location of bony posterior glenoid lesion on T1 weighted oblique sagittal magnetic resonance imaging and dotted lines separate each region of the posterior glenoid lesion. SSP: supraspinatus muscle, ISP: infraspinatus muscle, TM: teres minor muscle.

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Fig. 3

Various posterior glenoid lesions on fat suppressed proton density axial magnetic resonance imaging. (A) Posterior glenoid rim rounding (arrow). (B, C) Periosteal reaction and thickening (arrows) around posterior glenoid. (D) Osteochondritis dissecans (arrow) of posterior glenoid. (E) Bennett lesion (arrow). (F) Posterior labral tear (arrow).

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Fig. 4

Posterior glenoid lesions on fat suppressed proton density oblique sagittal magnetic resonance imaging. (A, B) Typical bony posterior glenoid lesions (arrows) made by posterior glenoid rounding and periosteal thickening show crescenteric shape of low signal intensity lesion in the region of infraspinatus muscle level. (C, D) Round low signal intensity lesion of osteochondritis dissecans of the posterior glenoid (arrows) are also located on infraspinatus muscle level, but slight superior to typical posterior glenoid lesion. (E, F) Low signal intensity Bennett lesions (arrows) are located more inferior to the posterior glenoid lesions corresponding the junction of infraspinatus and teres minor muscle and high signal intensity edema around the lesions.

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Table 1

Demographic characteristics of the 72 players

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Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).

*Pitch counts for pitchers.

Table 2

Abnormal posterior glenoid lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in 72 players

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Values are presented as number (%).

*Including posterosuperior labral tear.

Table 3

Abnormal posterior glenoid lesions according to the groups

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Values are presented as number (%).

*Statistically significant difference; †Including posterosuperior labral tear.

Table 4

Prevalence of posterior glenoid rim rounding according to demographic factors in 72 players

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Values are presented as number (%).

*Statistically significant difference.

Table 5

Career duration of 72 players according to posterior glenoid rim rounding

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Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

Notes

Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

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