Abstract
Golf is a popular worldwide sport played regardless of skill level, age, and sex. This characteristic is a major part of appeal. However, the golf swing involves a large range of motion and large forces of whole body and it is associated with a significant number of injuries. Lower back and upper extremity has similarly high injury incidence and followed by lower extremity. Knee, especially anterior cruciate ligament, can be serious in lower extremity injury. Poor swing mechanics and overuse are frequently related. However, injuries are also sustained from hitting the ground or being hit by a golf ball or club.
References
1. McHardy A, Pollard H, Luo K. Golf injuries: a review of the literature. Sports Med. 2006; 36:171–87.
2. Marshall RN, McNair PJ. Biomechanical risk factors and mechanisms of knee injury in golfers. Sports Biomech. 2013; 12:221–30.
3. Arbuthnot JE, McNicholas MJ, Dashti H, Hadden WA. Total hip arthroplasty and the golfer: a study of participation and performance before and after surgery for osteoarthritis. J Arthroplasty. 2007; 22:549–52.
5. Burdorf A, Van Der Steenhoven GA, Tromp-Klaren EG. A one-year prospective study on back pain among novice golfers. Am J Sports Med. 1996; 24:659–64.
6. Gosheger G, Liem D, Ludwig K, Greshake O, Winkelmann W. Injuries and overuse syndromes in golf. Am J Sports Med. 2003; 31:438–43.
7. McCarroll JR, Rettig AC, Shelbourne KD. Injuries in the amateur golfer. Phys Sportsmed. 1990; 18:122–6.
8. Mitchell K, Banks S, Morgan D, Sugaya H. Shoulder motions during the golf swing in male amateur golfers. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003; 33:196–203.
9. Theriault G, Lachance P. Golf injuries: an overview. Sports Med. 1998; 26:43–57.
10. Wilks J, Jones D. Golf-related injuries seen at hospital emergency departments. Aust J Sci Med Sport. 1996; 28:43–5.
11. Lindsay DM, Vandervoort AA. Golf-related low back pain: a review of causative factors and prevention strategies. Asian J Sports Med. 2014; 5:e24289.
12. McHardy AJ, Pollard HP, Luo K. Golf-related lower back injuries: an epidemiological survey. J Chiropr Med. 2007; 6:20–6.
13. Reed JJ, Wadsworth LT. Lower back pain in golf: a review. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2010; 9:57–9.
15. Cann AP, Vandervoort AA, Lindsay DM. Optimizing the benefits versus risks of golf participation by older people. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2005; 28:85–92.
16. Mallon WJ, Callaghan JJ. Total joint replacement in active golfers. J South Orthop Assoc. 1994; 3:295–8.
17. Mallon WJ, Liebelt RA, Mason JB. Total joint replacement and golf. Clin Sports Med. 1996; 15:179–90.
18. Burden AM, Grimshaw PN, Wallace ES. Hip and shoulder rotations during the golf swing of sub-10 handicap players. J Sports Sci. 1998; 16:165–76.
19. Okuda I, Gribble P, Armstrong C. Trunk rotation and weight transfer patterns between skilled and low skilled golfers. J Sports Sci Med. 2010; 9:127–33.
20. Purevsuren T, Kwon MS, Park WM, et al. Fatigue injury risk in anterior cruciate ligament of target side knee during golf swing. J Biomech. 2017; 53:9–14.
21. Dickenson E, Ahmed I, Fernandez M, et al. Professional golfers'hips: prevalence and predictors of hip pain with clinical and MR examinations. Br J Sports Med. 2016; 50:1087–91.
22. Newman JT, Saroki AJ, Briggs KK, Philippon MJ. Return to elite level of play and performance in professional golfers after arthroscopic hip surgery. Orthop J Sports Med. 2016; 4:2325967116643532.
23. Lee AD. Golf-related stress fractures: a structured review of the literature. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2009; 53:290–9.