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Korean J Sports Med. 2015 Dec;33(2):110-119. Korean.
Published online December 07, 2015.  https://doi.org/10.5763/kjsm.2015.33.2.110
Copyright © 2015 The Korean Society of Sports Medicine
The Effects of Scapular Stabilization Exercise on the Muscular Functions and Pain Release of Shoulder Joints in Youth Baseball Players
Heungil Han,1 Kyungjun An,1 Kwanghyun Ryu,2 and Jongsam Lee1
1Research Center for Exercise and Sport Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Korea.
2Saemyung Sports Rehabilitation Center, Saemyung Hospital, Daegu, Korea.

Correspondence: Jongsam Lee. Research Center for Exercise and Sport Science, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea. Tel: +82-53-850-6083, Fax: +82-53-850 6089, Email: jlee@daegu.ac.kr )
Received October 07, 2015; Revised November 25, 2015; Accepted November 26, 2015.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


Abstract

We investigated the effect of scapular stabilization exercise on shoulder joints mobilization and pain release in youth baseball players. Total 15 youth baseball players were voluntarily participated, and randomly divided into one of two experimental groups: either stabilization exercise group (EXE, n=7) or control group (NonE, n=8). Stabilization exercises (i.e., punching, scapular retraction, scapular fold, shrug, pull over, seated press, scaption with retraction, body blade, rotator cuff) were administered to EXE (8 weeks, 3 times·wk-1, 60-100 min·session-1). Muscular power using Biodex system 3, full range of motion (ROM) with a goniometer, and the degree of pain with the Visual Analogue Scale was assessed at both baseline and the time point of completion of 8 weeks training program. Twoway ANOVA (group vs. time) was adopted to observe any interactive effects between factors. The statistical significance level was set at α=.05. There was an improvement in muscular power at both slow (i.e., 60°/sec) and medium (i.e., 180°/sec) speed setting in isokinetic instrument during internal and external rotation on dominant shoulder, and internal rotation only (not with external rotation) on non-dominant shoulder. There was no change in ROM in NonE, but total ROM was significantly expanded in EXE, revealing only degree of internal rotation increased. VAS significantly decreased in EXE. In conclusion, scapular stabilization exercise exerted positive effect on muscular power output, full range of motion and pain release on shoulder joint in youth baseball players. This indicates that scapular stabilization exercise possibly exert meaningful effect in injury prevention and sport performance.

Keywords: Stabilization exercise; Isokinetic training; Muscular power; Range of motion

Figures


 Fig. 1
A Schematic view of experiment protocol. VAS: visual analogue scale, EXE: exercise group, NonE: non-exercise group, ROM: range of motion.
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Fig. 2
Scapular stabilization exercise program.
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Fig. 3
The effect of scapular stabilization exercise on the change of dominant shoulder joint power at 60°/sec. IR60 deg/sec: internal rotation@60°/sec of dominant shoulder joint, ER60 deg/sec: external rotation@60°/sec of dominant shoulder joint, Pre: before stabilization exercise program was applied. Post: after stabilization exercise program was applied, EXE: exercise group, NonE: non-exercise group.
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Fig. 4
The effect of scapular stabilization exercise on the change of non-dominant shoulder joint power at 60°/sec. IR60 deg/sec: internal rotation@60°/sec of non-dominant shoulder joint, ER60 deg/sec: external rotation@60°/sec of non-dominant shoulder joint, Pre: before stabilization exercise program was applied, Post: after stabilization exercise program was applied, EXE: exercise group, NonE: non-exercise group.
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Fig. 5
The effect of scapular stabilization exercise on the change of dominant shoulder joint power at 180°/sec. IR180 deg/sec: internal rotation@180°/sec of dominant shoulder joint, ER180 deg/sec: external rotation@180°/sec of dominant shoulder joint, Pre: before stabilization exercise program was applied, Post: after stabilization exercise program was applied, EXE: exercise group, NonE: non-exercise group.
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Fig. 6
The effect of scapular stabilization exercise on the change of non-dominant shoulder joint power at 180°/sec. IR180 deg/sec: internal rotation@180°/sec of non-dominant shoulder joint, ER180 deg/sec: external rotation@180°/sec of non-dominant shoulder joint, Pre: before stabilization exercise program was applied, Post: after stabilization exercise program was applied, EXE: exercise group, NonE: non-exercise group.
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Fig. 7
The effect of scapular stabilization exercise on the change of VAS. VAS: visual analogue scale, Pre: before stabilization exercise program was applied, Post: after stabilization exercise program was applied.
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Tables


 Table 1
Physical characteristics of subjects
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Table 2
Scapular stabilization exercise program
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Table 3
The effect of scapular stabilization exercise on the change of shoulder joint range of motion (unit: °)
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Notes

Conflict of Interest:No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

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