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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence rate of low back pain (LBP) in the high school students and to analyze the differences and correlations with the spinal-pelvic structural variations and disability index with LBP. The subjects are 499 high school students (236 males, 263 females: mean age, 16.38 years). They were assessed for LBP with the numerical rating scale (NRS) and for disability with the Korean version Oswestry disability index (KODI). All subjects were to take the plain radiographic examination for spinal-pelvic structural variations including thoracic, lumbar, thoracolumbar Cobb's angle, lumbar lordotic curve, sacral slope, pelvic tilt and pelvic incidence. All subjects were divided into two groups by NRS scores (0, 1=no/minimum pain group [NMP group], 2−10=low back pain group [LBP group]). The prevalence rate of LBP of all subjects was 56.7% (n=283). NRS and total KODI scores were higher in the LBP group (3.38 cm/11.83%) than NMP group (0.07 cm/2.74%) (p＜0.001). In the spinal-pelvic structural variations analysis, the thoracic Cobb's angle was significantly high in LBP group (p ＜0.05), but others were shown no differences between the both groups (p＞0.05). NRS had significantly positive correlation with KODI (p＜0.001). NRS and KODI did not demonstrate any correlations with spinal-pelvic structural variations (p＞0.05). In conclusion, this study showed high prevalence rate of LBP in the high school students, but did not show significant correlations with the spinal-pelvic structural variations and disability index.
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Fig. 3.
Measurement of the lumbar and pelvic parameters used in the current study. Lumbar lordotic curve (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), and pelvic incidence (PI) were measured in each whole spine lateral view.
Table 1.
General characteristics of all subjects
Table 2.
Comparison of general characteristics, NRS and KODI score between two groups (NMP, LBP)
Table 3.
Comparison of spine and pelvic angle parameters between two groups (NMP, LBP)
Table 4.
Correlations coefficients between variables for all subjects with NRS＞0 (n=499)
| Variables | NRS | KODI | ThCb | LbCb | TlCb | LoCv | SacSl | PvTi | PvIn | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NRS | r | 1.00 | ||||||||
| KODI | r | 0.816∗ | 1.00 | |||||||
| ThCb | r | 0.054 | 0.054 | 1.00 | ||||||
| LbCb | r | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.737∗ | 1.00 | |||||
| TlCb | r | -0.028 | -0.029 | -0.399∗ | -0.437∗ | |||||
| LoCv | r | -0.029 | -0.016 | -0.021 | 0.116† | -0.041 | 1.00 | |||
| SacSl PvTi | r r | -0.020 -0.050 | -0.018 0.027 | -0.029 -0.028 | 0.039 0.019 | -0.003 -0.001 | 0.679∗ 0.063 | 1.00 -0.118† | 1.00 | |
| PvIn | r | -0.062 | -0.025 | -0.035 | 0.034 | -0.004 | 0.506∗ | 0.660∗ | 0.559∗ | 1.00 |
Tested by partial correlation analysis adjusted age. NRS: numerical rating scale, KODI: korean version of oswestry disability index, ThCb: thoracic Cobb's angle, LbCb: lumbar Cobb's angle, TlCb: thoracolumbar Cobb's angle, LoCv: lumbar lordtic curve, SacSl: sacral slope, PvTi: pelvic tilt, PvIn: pelvic incidence.∗Statistically significant at p<0.001;
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