Effects of Plyometric Training on Ankle Joint Motion and Jump Performance

Heung Youl Kim

doi:10.5763/kjsm.2012.30.1.47

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Kim: Effects of Plyometric Training on Ankle Joint Motion and Jump Performance

Clinical Article

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine 2012; 30(1): 47-54.

Published online: 4 June 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5763/kjsm.2012.30.1.47

Effects of Plyometric Training on Ankle Joint Motion and Jump Performance

Heung Youl Kim, PhD

School of Sport and Health Science, Tokai Gakuen University, Miyoshi, Japan.

Department of Preventive Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.

Correspondence: Heung Youl Kim, PhD. School of Sport and Health Science Tokai Gakuen University, Nishinohara, Ukiagi-cho, Miyoshi-city, Aichi 474-0207, Japan. Tel: +81-561-36-9706, Fax: +81-561-36-9706, hanulhanbyeol7374@hotmail.co.jp

Received 2 March 2012 Revised 24 May 2012 Accepted 24 May 2012

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of plyometric training (PT) in changes of jump abilities and ankle joint motions on repeated-rebound-jumps exercise without buffer function of lower limb joints. Seven female collegiate runners executed 10-repeated rebound jumps training (10 RJ) on a switch mat with maximum effort. Each subject executed the training program twice a week for 5 consecutive weeks. Parameters of repeated-rebound jumps training involved jump height (m), the contact time (s), flight time (s), and rebound jumps index (=RJ-index). Three-dimensional ankle joint kinematics of each subject were captured using ten motion capture systems (250 Hz). As a result, RJ-index, jump height, and flight time were increased significantly between pre-and post-test (p<0.001). But, the contact time decreased significantly. The relationships between rebound jumps index and jump height and between rebound jumps index and the durations of contact phase were highly correlated (r=0.858, r=-0.739; p<0.001). In addition, the time (%) between start and finish phase in the dorsiflexion angle of ankle joint was reduced significantly between pre-and post-test (p<0.001). The repeated-rebound-jumps exercise was shown to have an effect on improvement in stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) performance of lower limb joints in distance runners. The RJ-index and the time between start and finish phase in the dorsiflexion angle of ankle joint was shown to be a valid evaluation index of SSC performance. Therefore, repeated-rebound-jumps exercise is a significant training protocol where ankle behavior improves and where the performance of stretch-shortening cycle is enhanced.

Keywords: Plyometric training, Ankle joint motion, Jump performance, RJ-index

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Experimental setup of rebound jump test.

Fig. 2

Comparisons of pre and post-test in each parameter: (A) Rebound jumps index, (B) contact time, (C) flight time and, (D) jump height. p<0.001^***.

Fig. 3

Relationship between rebound jumps index (RJ-index) and jump height (A), RJ-index and contact-time (B) and, RJ-index and flight-time (C).

Fig. 4

Changes in mean ankle joint angle (A) and angular velocity (B) during 10-repeated rebound jump between pre and post-test. The start of the movement was taken from the instant of minimum force and terminated at the instant of take-off. Flight phase occurred between the instant of take-off and the instant of contact with the forceplate (landing). Contact phase in each subject is normalized as 100%. MDA: maximum dorsiflexion angle, TDSF: time period of dorsiflexion between start and finish phase.

Fig. 5

Comparisons of pre and post-test in maximum dorsiflexion angle (MDA) and time period of dorsiflexion between start and finish phase (TDSF): (A) MDA and, TDSF (B). ^**p<0.01, ^***p<0.001.

Fig. 6

Relationship between time period of dorsiflexion between start and finish phase (TDSF) and rebound jumps index (A) and, TDSF and maximum dorsiflexion angle (B).

Table 1

Comparison of the rebound jump parameters in each subject

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

RJ-index: rebound jumps index, ns: not significant.

^*p<0.01, ^†p<0.001.

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