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Kim, Kang, Kim, Lee, Kim, Song, Hong, Kim, Park, Seo, and Lee: Sports Injury Surveillance during Summer Asian Games 2010 in Guangzhou
Clinical Article

Korean J Sports Med 2011;29(1):49-57.

Published online: 20 January 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5763/kjsm.2011.29.1.49

Sports Injury Surveillance during Summer Asian Games 2010 in Guangzhou

Eun Kuk Kim, MD, PhD1, Hyun Yong Kang, PT1, Tae Gyu Kim, PT1, Je Hoon Lee, PT1, Mi Hyun Kim, PT1, Jee Yeon Song, PT1, Sung lIm Hong, PT1, Jong Duk Kim, PhD1, Won Hah Park, MD, PhD2, Kyung Mook Seo, MD, PhD3, Kyung Tai Lee, MD, PhD4

1Department of Sports Medicine, Taeneung National Training Center of Korean Olympic Commitee, Seoul, Korea

2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

3Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea

4Lee's Orthopedic Clinic, Seoul, Korea

Received 14 13 2011       Revised 29 April 2011       Accepted 19 May 2011

Copyright © 2011 The Korean Society of Sports Medicine

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to do the surveillance study of sports injuries which were suffered to National players of South Korea Team during the summer Asian Games 2010 in Guangzhou. All medical staffs of Korea Delegation were asked to report all sports injuries newly incurred during the Games on injury report form, and the physicians made clinical diagnoses of the injuries. Total 725 injuries (430 athletes) were reported, and 288 injuries (209 athletes) were newly incurred: 68 injuries (58 athletes) were recurrent with previous history, resulting in total incidence rate: 45.5 injuries/1000 athlete exposures (AE) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.1–50.6 injuries/1000 AE) and incidence proportion: 26% (95% CI: 23–29). The new injury was highest in athletics (n=37, 12.8%), hockey (n=26, 9.0%), and basketball (n=23, 8.0%). While 162 injuries (56.2%) were incurred during practice, 126 injuries (43.8%) were incurred in competition. The most frequent diagnoses were lateral ankle ligament sprain (n=28, 9.7%, 95% CI: 6.3–13.1), calf muscle cramp (n=23, 95% CI: 4.9–11.1), and hamstring strain (n=22, 95% CI: 4.6–10.7). The relapsed injury was highest in athletics (n=16, 23.5%), basketball (n=6, 8.8%), and wrestling (n=5, 7.4%). While 50 injuries (73.5%) were recurred during practice, 18 injuries (26.5%) were recurred in competition. The most frequent diagnoses of relapsed injury were calf muscle cramp (n=11, 16.2%, 95% CI: 7.4–25.0), low back strain (n=6, 8.8%, 95% CI: 2.1–15.6), and hamstring strain (n=6, 8.8%, 95% CI: 2.1–15.6). Our data indicated incidence rates, incidence proportions, characteristics and frequent diagnoses of acute and recurrent sports injuries during the games, therefore these results could provide relevant information for the sports injury prevention at elite level.

Keywords: Surveillance study of sports injury, Asian Games, Incidence rate, Incidence proportion

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Table 1.
Characteristics of all sports injuries incurred during the 16th Asian Games
Sports Injuries (%) Gender Competition Training Mechanism† IR∗ (95% CI) IP∗ (95% CI)
Male Female C1 C2 NC
Athletic 37 (12.8) 26 (70.3) 11 (29.7) 0 37 (100) 0 0 36 245 (166–324) 0.5 (0.4–0.7)
Hockey 26 (9.0) 14 (53.8) 12 (46.2) 16 (61.5) 10 (38.5) 1 16 7 87.5 (53.9–121.2) 0.7 (0.5–0.8)
Basketball 23 (8.0) 15 (65.2) 8 (34.8) 10 (43.5) 13 (56.5) 6 1 10 63 (37.3–88.8) 0.7 (0.5–0.9)
Football 22 (7.6) 15 (68.2) 7 (31.8) 20 (90.9) 2 (9.1) 20 0 2 89.4 (52.1–126.8) 0.4 (0.3–0.6)
Swimming 16 (5.6) 6 (37.5) 10 (62.5) 3 (18.8) 13 (81.3) 1 0 13 34.5 (17.6–51.4) 0.5 (0.3–0.7)
Gymnastics 16 (5.6) 5 (31.3) 11 (68.8) 2 (12.5) 14 (87.5) 0 5 11 64.9 (28.2–101.6) 0.6 (0.3–0.9)
Handball 13 (4.5) 7 (53.8) 6 (46.2) 9 (69.2) 4 (30.8) 6 0 6 44.2 (20.2–68.3) 0.45 (0.2–0.5)
Judo 12 (4.2) 3 (25) 9 (75) 5 (41.7) 7 (58.3) 6 0 6 98.4 (42.7–154) 0.5 (0.3–0.7)
Boxing 11 (3.8) 11 (100) 0 5 (45.5) 6 (54.5) 6 1 4 183.3 (75–291.7) 0.5 (0.3–0.8)
Cycling 11 (3.8) 8 (72.7) 3 (27.7) 8 (72.7) 3 (27.3) 0 5 6 131 (53.6–208.3) 0.6 (0.3–0.8)
Wushu 9 (3.1) 7 (77.8) 2 (22.2) 8 (88.9) 1 (11.1) 7 0 2 134.3 (46.6–222.1) 0.4 (0.1–0.6)
Taekwondo 9 (3.1) 4 (44.4) 5 (55.6) 5 (55.6) 4 (44.4) 4 0 5 152.5 (52.9–252.2) 0.4 (0.1–0.7)
Fencing 9 (3.1) 6 (66.7) 3 (33.3) 3 (33.3) 6 (66.7) 1 0 8 35.3 (12.2–58.4) 0.3 (0.1–0.5)
Rugby 8 (2.8) 3 (37.5) 5 (62.5) 5 (62.5) 3 (37.5) 4 0 4 60.6 (18.6–102.6) 0.3 (0.1–0.4)
Separktakaw 8 (2.8) 8 (100) 0 6 (75) 2 (25) 0 5 3 38.6 (11.9–65.4) 0.2 (0–0.4)
Table tennis 8 (2.8) 4 (50) 4 (50) 5 (62.5) 3 (37.5) 0 0 8 106.7 (32.8–180.6) 0.6 (0.3–0.9)
Wrestling 6 (2.1) 6 (100) 0 1 (16.7) 5 (83.3) 1 0 5 21 (4.2–37.8) 0.2 (0–0.3)
Volleyball 5 (1.7) 3 (60) 2 (40) 2 (40) 3 (60) 0 1 4 16.3 (2–30.7) 0.2 (0–0.3)
Badminton 4 (1.4) 2 (50) 2 (50) 2 (50) 2 (50) 0 0 4 20 (0.4–39.6) 0.2 (0–0.4)
Baseball 4 (1.4) 4 (100) 0 3 (75) 1 (25) 0 0 4 54.1 (1.1–107) 0.1 (0–0.3)
Kabadi 4 (1.4) 2 (50) 2 (50) 2 (50) 2 (50) 1 0 3 53.3 (1.1–105.6) 0.2 (0–0.3)
Bowling 3 (1.0) 0 3 (100) 1 (33.3) 2 (66.7) 0 0 2 25.9 (0–55.1) 0.3 (0–0.5)
Weight lifting 3 (1.0) 3 (100) 0 0 3 (100) 0 0 3 25 (0–53.3) 0.1 (0–0.3)
Modern pentathlon 2 (0.7) 1 (50) 1 (50) 2 (100) 0 0 0 2 22.2 (0–53) 0.2 (0–0.4)
Diving 2 (0.7) 1 (50) 1 (50) 0 2 (100) 0 1 1 31.3 (0–74.6) 0.3 (0–0.6)
Beach volleyball 2 (0.7) 1 (50) 1 (50) 0 2 (100) 0 0 2 48 (0–114) 1 (0–1)
Softball 2 (0.7) 0 2 (100) 0 2 (100) 0 0 2 21.1 (0–50.2) 0.1 (0–0.3)
Water polo 2 (0.7) 2 (100) 0 1 (50) 1 (50) 2 0 0 15 (0–35.9) 0.2 (0–0.3)
Squash 2 (0.7) 2 (100) 0 2 (100) 0 0 0 2 23.8 (0–56.8) 0.3 (0–0.6)
Roller sports 2 (0.7) 1 (50) 1 (50) 0 2 (100) 0 0 2 11.4 (0–27.1) 0.3 (0–0.6)
Rowing 2 (0.7) 0 2 (100) 0 2 (100) 0 0 2 6.6 (0–15.7) 0.1 (0–0.3)
Dragon boat 1 (0.3) 1 (100) 0 0 1 (100) 0 0 1 3.4 (0–10.1) 0 (0–0.1)
Shooting 1 (0.3) 1 (100) 0 0 1 (100) 0 0 1 1.9 (0–5.6) 0 (0–0.1)
Archery 1 (0.3) 0 1 (100) 0 1 (100) 0 0 1 11.8 (0–34.8) 0.1 (0–0.4)
Tennis 1 (0.3) 0 1 (100) 0 1 (100) 0 0 1 6.3 (0–18.5) 0.1 (0–0.2)
Triathlon 1 (0.3) 0 1 (100) 0 1 (100) 0 0 1 125 (0–370) 0.3 (0–0.7)
Total 288 (100) 172 (59.7) 116 (40.3) 126 (43.8) 162 (56.3) 66 35 174    

CI: confidence interval, C1: Injury by person, C2: Injury by equipment, NC: Non-contact injury.∗Incidence rate: sports injuries/1000 athlete exposures (1000 AE). ∗Incidence proportion: injured athletes/participating athletes.† Mechanism.

Table 2.
Clinical diagnoses of newly incurred sports injuries
Diagnoses Injuries (%) 95% CI
Lateral ankle ligament sprain 28 (9.7) 6.3–13.1
Calf muscle cramps 23 (8.0) 4.9–11.1
Hamstring strain 22 (7.6) 4.6–10.7
Lumbar myofascial pain 20 (6.9) 4.0–9.9
Cervical myofascial pain 20 (6.9) 4.0–9.9
Acute back sprain 19 (6.6) 3.7–9.5
Quadriceps strain 19 (6.6) 3.7–9.5
Shoulder contusion 10 (3.5) 1.4–5.6
Quadriceps contusion 7 (2.4) 0.7–4.2
Knee contusion 6 (2.1) 0.4–3.7
Gastroc-soleus strain 6 (2.1) 0.4–3.7
Rotator cuff impingement 6 (2.1) 0.4–3.7
Capsular sprain of finger joint 6 (2.1) 0.4–3.7
Midtarsal joint sprain 5 (1.7) 0.2–3.2
Orbital injury 5 (1.7) 0.2–3.2
Periosteal contusion 5 (1.7) 0.2–3.2
Gastrocnemius contusion 5 (1.7) 0.2–3.2
Achilles tendinopathy 4 (1.4) 0–2.7
Traumatic arthritis 4 (1.4) 0–2.7
Trochanteric bursitis 4 (1.4) 0–2.7
Acute neck sprain 4 (1.4) 0–2.7
Adductor strain 4 (1.4) 0–2.7
Tendinopathies around the wrist 4 (1.4) 0–2.7
Others 52 (18.1) 0–45.9
Total 288 (100)  

CI: confidence interval.

Table 3.
Characteristics of recurrent sports injuries incurred during 16th Asian Games
Sports Injuries (%) Gender Competition Training Mechanism† IR∗ (95% CI) IP∗ (95% CI)
Male Female C1 C2 NC
Athletic 16 (23.5) 14 (87.5) 2 (12.5) 0 16 (100) 0 0 16 106 (54–157.9) 0.3 (0.1–0.4)
Basketball 6 (8.8) 5 (83.3) 1 (16.7) 2 (33.3) 4 (66.7) 1 0 3 16.4 (3.3–29.6) 0.2 (0–0.4)
Wrestling 5 (7.4) 5 (100) 0 0 5 (100) 0 0 5 17.5 (2.2–32.8) 0.2 (0–0.3)
Hockey 5 (7.4) 4 (80) 1 (20) 3 (60) 2 (40) 0 3 2 16.8 (2.1–31.6) 0.2 (0–0.3)
Judo 4 (4.9) 1 (25) 3 (75) 2 (50) 2 (50) 3 0 1 32.8 (0.7–64.9) 0.2 (0–0.4)
Gymnastics 4 (4.9) 2 (50) 2 (50) 0 4 (100) 0 0 4 21.6 (0.4–42.8) 0.3 (0–0.5)
Badminton 3 (4.4) 2 (66.7) 1 (33.3) 1 (33.3) 2 (66.7) 0 0 3 15 (0–32) 0.2 (0–0.3)
Swimming 3 (4.4) 1 (33.3) 2 (66.7) 1 (33.3) 2 (66.7) 0 0 2 　6.5 (0–13.8) 0.1 (0–0.3)
Baseball 3 (4.4) 3 (100) 0 3 (100) 0 0 0 3 40.5 (0–86.4) 0.1 (0–0.2)
Handball 3 (4.4) 1 (33.3) 2 (66.7) 2 (66.7) 1 (33.3) 1 0 2 10.2 (0–21.8) 0.1 (0–0.2)
Volleyball 2 (2.9) 2 (100) 0 1 (50) 1 (50) 0 0 2 　6.5 (0–15.6) 　0 (0–0.1)
Table tennis 2 (2.9) 1 (50) 1 (50) 1 (50) 1 (50) 0 0 2 26.7 (0–63.6) 0.2
(0–0.4)                    
Others 12 (17.6) 6 (50) 6 (50) 2 (16.7) 10 (83.3) 1 0 11 　8.6 (3.7–13.5) 0.1 (0–0.1)
Total 68 (100) 47 (69.1) 21 (30.9) 18 (26.5) 50 (73.5) 6 3 56    

CI: confidence interval, C1: Injury by person, C2: Injury by equipment, NC: Non-contact injury.∗Incidence rate: sports injuries/1000 athlete exposures (1000 AE). ∗Incidence proportion: injured athletes/participating athletes.† Mechanism.

Table 4.
Clinical diagnoses of recurrent sports injuries
Diagnoses Injuries (%) 95% CI
Calf muscle cramps 11 (16.2) 7.4–24.9
Acute back sprain 6 (8.8) 2.1–15.6
Hamstring strain 6 (8.8) 2.1–15.6
Lumbar myofascial pain 5 (7.4) 1.1–13.6
Cervical myofascial pain 5 (7.4) 1.1–13.6
Rotator cuff impingement 5 (7.4) 1.1–13.6
Lateral ankle ligament sprain 4 (5.9) 0–11.5
Shoulder contusion 4 (5.9) 0–11.5
Meniscus abnormality 2 (2.9) 0–7.0
Facet joint abnormality 2 (2.9) 0–7.0
Quadriceps strain 2 (2.9) 0–7.0
Adductor strain 2 (2.9) 0–7.0
Tendinopathies around the wrist 2 (2.9) 0–7.0
Others 12 (17.6) 0–52.0
Total 68 (100)  

CI: confidence interval.

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