Biological Activity and Single Oral Dose Toxicity of Dansam-samultang

In-Chul Lee; Bae-Hwan Kim; Mee-Kyung Kim

doi:10.5625/lar.2010.26.4.385

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Lee, Kim, and Kim: Biological Activity and Single Oral Dose Toxicity of Dansam-samultang

Original Article

Lab. Anim. Res. 2010;26(4):385-391.

Published online: 20 January 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5625/lar.2010.26.4.385

Biological Activity and Single Oral Dose Toxicity of Dansam-samultang

In-Chul Lee¹, Bae-Hwan Kim^2,^∗, Mee-Kyung Kim^1,^∗

¹Center for Senior Industry, Youngdong University, Yeongdong, Korea

²Department of Public Health, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea

∗Corresponding author: Mee-Kyung Kim, Center for Senior Industry, Youngdong University, 12-1 Seolgye-ri, Yeongdong-eup, Yeongdong, Chungbuk 370-701, Korea Tel: +82-43-740-1430 Fax: +82-43-740-1449 E-mail: kim5179@youngdong.ac.kr

Co-corresponding author: Bae-Hwan Kim, Department of Public Health College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalsero-gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea Tel: +82-53-580-5933 Fax: +82-53-580-5164 E-mail: kim9399@kmu.ac.kr

Received 10 November 2010 Revised 29 November 2010 Accepted 30 November 2010

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the in vitro antioxidative effects, antimicrobial activities and single oral dose toxicity of the extracts from Dansam-samultang to evaluate its use as a functional ingredient in cosmetics. In the antioxidative effect, the ethanol extract from Dansam-samultang (DSE) had higher antioxidant values of 92.0% at 1,000 µg/mL than that of water extract from Dansam-samultang (DSW, 86.0%) when evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The superoxide dismutase-like activity of DSW and DSE were 16.3% and 21.3% at 1,000 µg/mL in concentration, respectively. Xanthine oxidase inhibition activity of the DSE was higher 51.5% than that of the DSW (21.4%). This study was also undertaken to test the in vitro antimicrobial activity with the extracts of Dansam-samultang. In general, the DSE showed the significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermiders and Escherichia coli. In single oral dose toxicity study, in vivo, there were no differences between control and treated groups in clinical signs, body weight gains, and gross finding. The results indicated that DSE did not show any toxic effects at 10 mL/kg in mice, and the LD₅₀ of DSE was found to be higher than 10 mL/kg in this experiment. In conclusion, the extracts from Dansam-samultang may act as a natural subsistence for functional cosmetics.

Keywords: Dansam-samultang, antioxidative activity, antimicrobial activity, single oral dose toxicity

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Figure 1.

The procedure for extraction from Dansam-samultang.

Figure 2.

Antioxidative effect of Dansam-samultang extracts on DPPH radical scavenging activity. DSW, Dansam-samultang water extracts; DSE, Dansam-samultang ethanol extracts. The values are means 3 replicates and those with different alphabet letters are significantly different at P<0.05.

Figure 3.

SOD-like activity of Dansam-samultang extracts. DSW, Dansam- samultang water extracts; DSE, Dansam-samultang ethanol extracts. The values are means 3 replicates and those with different alphabet letters are significantly different at P<0.05.

Figure 4.

Inhibition rate of Dansam-samultang extracts on xanthine oxidase. DSW, Dansam-samultang water extracts; DSE, Dansam-samultang ethanol extracts. The values are means 3 replicates and those with different alphabet letters are significantly different at P<0.05.

Table 1.

Composition of Dansam-samultang

Oriental herb name	Botanical name	Weight (g)
Rehmanniae Radix Preparata(숙지황)	Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz var. purpurea Makino	06
Paeoniae Radix(백작약)	Paeonia lactiflora Pallas	06
Cnidii Rhizoma(천궁)	Cnidium officinale Makino	06
Angelicae Gigantis Radix (당귀)	Angelica gigas Nakai	06
Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix(단삼)	Salviamiltiorrhiza Bge	16
	Total	40

Table 2.

Antimicrobial activity against three microorganisms by ethanol extracts from Dansam-samultang

Strains	Clear zone on plate (mm)¹
	Concentration (µg/mL)
	50	100	200	400
Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1621	8.0±0.0	8.0±0.0	14.7±0.3	17.3±0.1
Staphylococcus epidermidis KCTC 1917	14.0±0.40	17.0±0.20	19.0±0.1	22.0±0.2
Escherichia coli KCTC 1039	8.0±0.0	8.0±0.0	14.7±0.2	18.7±0.1

¹ Diameter.

Table 3.

Mortality of male and female mice orally treated with Dansam-samultang ethanol extract (1%)

Material	Sex	Injected volume (mL/kg)						Days after treatment					Final mortality
Material	Sex	Injected volume (mL/kg)	1	2	3	4	5	6	1	3	7	14	Final mortality
Con¹	Male	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0/5
Con¹	Female	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0/5
DSE²	Male	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0/5
DSE²	Female	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0/5

¹ Con, 10% ethanol.

² DSE, ethanol extract from Dansam-samultang (1%). Values are expressed as number of dead animals/total animals (n=5).

Table 4.

Clinical signs of male and female mice orally treated with 10 mL/kg of Dansam-samultang ethanol extract (1%)

Material	Sex	Clinical signs	Hours after treatment						Days after treatment
Material	Sex	Clinical signs	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	1	3	7	14
Con¹	Male	Normal	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Con¹	Female	Normal	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
DSE²	Male	Normal	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
DSE²	Female	Normal	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5

¹ Con, 10% ethanol.

² DSE, ethanol extract from Dansam-samultang (1%). Values are expressed as number of animals observed clinical signs (n=5).

Table 5.

Body weights of male and female mice orally treated with 10 mL/kg of Dansam-samultang ethanol extract (1%)

Material	Sex	Number of animals	Days after treatment
Material	Sex	Number of animals	0	1	3	7	14
Con¹	Male	5	20.72±0.65	22.98±0.75	27.05±1.08	29.21±1.35	33.54±1.88
Con¹	Female	5	19.83±0.52	20.84±0.95	25.09±1.25	28.11±1.54	30.51±2.43
DSE²	Male	5	21.18±0.65	21.88±0.93	26.72±1.38	28.15±1.61	32.34±1.89
DSE²	Female	5	20.21±0.60	20.59±0.72	24.91±1.45	26.95±1.47	29.29±2.10

¹ Con, 10% ethanol.

² DSE, ethanol extract from Dansam-samultang (1%). Values are expressed as means±SD (g).

Table 6.

Gross findings of necropsy in male and female mice orally treated with 10 mL/kg of Dansam-samultang ethanol extract (1%)

Material	Groups	Observation	Frequency
Con¹	Male	NGL³	5/5
Con¹	Female	NGL	5/5
DSE²	Male	NGL	5/5
DSE²	Female	NGL	5/5

¹ Con, 10% ethanol.

² DSE, ethanol extract from Dansam-samultang (1%).

³ NGL, no gross lesion. Values are expressed as animal numbers.

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