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Ko and Kim: Relationship between Career Plateau, Career Planning, Social Support, and Turnover Intention in Nurses
Original Article

J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2018;24(1):97-106.

Published online: 15 January 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2018.24.1.97

Relationship between Career Plateau, Career Planning, Social Support, and Turnover Intention in Nurses

Jeonga Ko1, Heeyoung Kim2,

1Department of Nursing, Dongshin University Oriental Hospital

2Department of Nursing, Dongshin University

Corresponding author: Kim, Heeyoung Department of Nursing, Dongshin University, 185 Geonjae-ro, Naju 58245, Korea. Tel: +82-61-330-3585, Fax: +82-61-330-3580, E-mail: kimhy@dsu.ac.kr

Received 19 November 2017       Revised 19 December 2017       Accepted 25 December 2017

Copyright © 2018 Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was a correlational research to examine the relationship between career plateau, career planning, social support and turnover intention experienced by nurses in the clinical nursing field.

Methods

Participants were 237 nurses working in general hospitals with 100~300 beds located in G Metropolitan City. Data were collected from September 26 to October 6, 2016, and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, univariate ANOVA, Scheffé test, correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were conducted.

Results

Participants' turnover intention was positively correlated with career plateau (r=.38, p<.001), structural career plateau (r=.31, p<.001) and content plateau (r=.35, p<.001), but negatively correlated with social support (r=-.38, p<.001), supervisor support (r=-.36, p<.001), peer support (r=-.32, p<.001), and career planning (r=-.15, p=.043). Factors associated with participants' turnover intention were supervisor support (β=-.22, p=.006), structural career plateau (β=.19, p=.012), and content career plateau (β=.14, p=.047).

Conclusion

Results suggest that structural career plateau, content career plateau, and supervisor support are related to nurses' turnover intention. To lower nurses' turnover intention, alternative ways must be developed to improve the structure of nursing organizations to address career plateau and establish an organizational culture that can be supported by supervisors.

Keywords: Career plateau, Career planning, Social support, Personnel turnover

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Table 1.
General Characteristics (N=237)
Characteristics Categories n (%) or M±SD
Age (year) 30.81±5.93
＜30 121 (51.1)
30~39 102 (43.0)
≥40 14 (5.9)
Marital status Unmarried 145 (61.2)
Married 92 (38.8)
Educational background 3 year college 135 (57.0)
University 102 (43.0)
Nursing experience (year) 7.44±5.47
＜3 51 (21.5)
3~7 82 (34.6)
8~12 59 (24.9)
≥13 45 (19.0)
Present clinical career (year) 4.29±3.47
＜3 94 (39.7)
3~7 106 (44.7)
8~12 28 (11.8)
≥13 9 (3.8)
Position Staff nurse 182 (76.8)
≥Charge nurse 55 (23.2)
Work unit OPD 19 (8.0)
Ward 151 (63.7)
Special part* 67 (28.3)
Experience of turnover No 115 (48.5)
Yes 122 (51.5)

* Intensive care unit, emergency room, operation room, artificial kidney room; OPD=Out patient department.

Table 2.
Career Plateau, Career Planning, Social Support and Turnover Intention of Participants (N=237)
Variables Categories Min Max M±SD
Career plateau 1.50 4.17 2.76±0.48
Structural plateau 1.67 4.50 2.81±0.57
Content plateau 1.00 4.00 2.64±0.56
Career planning 1.50 5.00 3.06±0.63
Social support 1.60 5.00 3.52±0.47
Supervisor support 1.56 5.00 3.47±0.54
Peer support 1.88 5.00 3.58±0.50
Turnover intention 1.20 5.00 3.15±0.64
Table 3.
Career Plateau, Career Planning, Social Support, and Turnover Intention according to General Characteristics (N=237)
Characteristics Categories Career plateau Career planning Social support Turnover intention
Total Structural plateau Content plateau Total Supervisor support Peer support
M±SD t or F (p) Scheffé M±SD t or F (p) Scheffé M±SD t or F (p) Scheffé M±SD t or F (p) Scheffé M±SD t or F (p) Scheffé M±SD t or F (p) Scheffé M±SD t or F (p) Scheffé M±SD t or F (p) Scheffé
Age (year) ＜30a 2.59±0.47 13.15 2.62±0.51 24.21 2.56±0.54 2.64 3.10±0.62 1.59 3.61±0.47 4.58 3.57±0.52 3.74 3.66±0.49 3.80 3.07±0.59 1.70
30~39b 2.83±0.47 (＜.001) 2.94±0.53 (＜.001) 2.72±0.57 (.073) 2.99±0.64 (.205) 3.42±0.48 (.051) 3.37±0.56 (.025) 3.47±0.51 (.024) 3.21±0.68 (.184)
≥40c 3.13±0.33 a, b＜c 3.52±0.58 a＜b＜c 2.74±0.48 3.25±0.68 3.50±0.39 3.45±0.42 a＞b 3.55±0.41 a＞b 3.30±0.80
Marital status Unmarried 2.82±0.47 2.45 2.97±0.61 3.44 2.68±0.56 0.77 3.05±0.69 -0.24 3.50±0.49 0.49 3.47±0.55 -0.19 3.55±0.52 -0.73 3.15±0.71 -0.02
Married 2.66±0.48 (.015) 2.71±0.52 (＜.001) 2.62±0.56 (.441) 3.07±0.59 (.815) 3.57±0.47 (.625) 3.48±0.54 (.854) 3.60±0.49 (.467) 3.15±0.60 (.984)
Educational 3 year college 2.75±0.48 0.84 2.83±0.56 0.68 2.66±0.57 0.67 3.01±0.60 -1.30 3.55±0.49 0.93 3.51±0.56 1.22 3.59±0.51 0.45 3.11±0.68 -1.10
background University 2.69±0.49 (.052) 2.78±0.58 (.498) 2.61±0.54 (.430) 3.13±0.67 (.193) 3.49±0.45 (.352) 3.59±0.52 (.225) 3.59±0.49 (.651) 3.20±0.59 (.274)
Nursing experience (year) ＜3a 2.55±0.49 7.45 2.60±0.56 11.25 2.50±0.53 2.25 3.19±0.68 1.65 3.58±0.44 1.56 3.53±0.52 2.00 3.63±0.47 0.75 2.92±0.55 3.12
3~7b 2.65±0.43 (＜.001) 2.70±0.49 (＜.001) 2.60±0.50 (.083) 3.08±0.58 (.178) 3.58±0.48 (.199) 3.56±0.51 (.114) 3.60±0.52 (.525) 3.23±0.57 (.027)
8~12c 2.79±0.46 a, b＜d 2.86±0.48 a a, b, c＜d 2.73±0.57 2.93±0.61 3.44±0.48 3.37±0.58 3.52±0.49 3.16±0.68 a＜d
≥13d 2.96±0.49 3.19±0.64 2.74±0.63 3.05±0.67 3.45±0.47 3.39±0.55 3.52±0.51 3.26±0.76
Present clinical career (year) ＜3a 2.63±0.49 2.72 2.66±0.55 4.44 2.60±0.59 0.76 3.12±0.64 0.70 3.54±0.41 0.36 3.50±0.48 0.82 3.58±0.47 0.20 3.03±0.60 3.18
3~7b 2.75±0.45 (.055) 2.88±0.53 (.005) 2.63±0.54 (.520) 3.05±0.63 (.550) 3.53±0.50 (.778) 3.49±0.56 (.485) 3.58±0.57 (.897) 3.27±0.62 (.080)
8~12c 2.90±0.43 3.05±0.68 a＜c 2.76±0.59 2.92±0.62 3.45±0.52 3.33±0.68 3.58±0.48 3.21±0.80
≥13d 2.78±0.43 2.81±0.49 2.76±0.66 3.11±0.66 3.44±0.55 3.44±0.53 3.45±0.60 2.82±0.66
Position Staff nurse 2.74±0.48 0.84 2.76±0.58 -2.23 2.63±0.57 -0.73 3.06±0.63 -0.25 3.54±0.49 0.93 3.53±0.53 2.96 3.60±0.50 1.79 3.13±0.63 -1.07
≥Charge nurse 2.69±0.48 (.402) 2.97±0.50 (.029) 2.69±0.56 (.467) 3.08±0.64 (.806) 3.49±0.44 (.352) 3.29±0.55 (.003) 3.47±0.50 (.075) 3.23±0.70 (.285)
Work unit OPD 2.80±0.54 0.94 2.81±0.57 0.38 2.68±0.59 1.54 2.83±0.75 1.83 3.44±0.43 .73 3.45±0.57 2.18 3.57±0.53 0.01 3.06±0.59 0.60
Ward 2.74±0.50 (.386) 2.91±0.68 (.686) 2.70±0.63 (.217) 3.06±0.59 (.162) 3.51±0.53 (.482) 3.30±0.54 (.115) 3.28±0.44 (.989) 3.13±0.67 (.552)
Special part* 2.66±0.41 2.78±0.54 2.54±0.45 3.14±0.68 3.58±0.42 3.57±0.46 3.58±0.45 3.22±0.59
Experience of turnover No 2.65±0.45 -2.36 2.69±0.50 -3.35 2.61±0.53 -0.72 3.12±0.56 1.28 3.58±0.48 1.72 3.53±0.54 1.66 3.62±0.50 1.47 3.11±0.63 -0.88
Yes 2.80±0.53 (.019) 2.93±0.60 (＜.001) 2.67±0.58 (.471) 3.01±0.69 (.201) 3.47±0.47 (.086) 3.41±0.54 (.098) 3.52±0.50 (.144) 3.19±0.66 (.380)

* Intensive care unit, emergency room, operation room, artificial kidney room; OPD=Out patient department.

Table 4.
Correlations between Career Plateau, Career Planning, Social Support and Turnover Intention (N=237)
Variables Career plateau Structural plateau Content plateau Career planning Social support Supervisor support Peer support
r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p)
Structural plateau .87 -
(＜.001)
Content plateau .86 .49 -
(＜.001) (＜.001)
Career planning -.41 -.24 -.47 -
(＜.001) (＜.001) (＜.001)
Social support -.44 -.29 -.47 .14 -
(＜.001) (＜.001) (＜.001) (.029)
Supervisor support -.38 -.25 -.41 .12 .92 -
(＜.001) (＜.001) (＜.001) (.059) (＜.001)
Peer support -.41 -.27 -.44 .14 .90 .66 -
(＜.001) (＜.001) (＜.001) (.036) (＜.001) (＜.001)
Turnover intention .38 .31 .35 -.15 -.38 -.36 -.32
(＜.001) (＜.001) (＜.001) (.043) (＜.001) (＜.001) (＜.001)
Table 5.
Factors Influencing Turnover Intention (N=237)
Variables Model 1 Model 2
β p β p
Age (year) -.05 .670 -.17 .110
Nursing experience (year) .15 .191 .13 .207
Structural plateau .19 .012
Content plateau .14 .047
Supervisor support -.22 .006
Peer support -.07 .378
Career planning .00 .966
F (p) R (ΔR2) 1.48 (.229) .01 10.18 (＜.001) .31 (.298)
ΔF (p) 8.7 (＜.001)
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