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Choi and Jung: Moderating Effects of Career Decision-making Self-efficacy and Social Support in the relationship between Career Barriers and Job-seeking Stress among Nursing Students Preparing for Employment
Original Article

J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2018;24(1):61-72.

Published online: 15 January 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2018.24.1.61

Moderating Effects of Career Decision-making Self-efficacy and Social Support in the relationship between Career Barriers and Job-seeking Stress among Nursing Students Preparing for Employment

Hyun Ju Choi1, Kwuy Im Jung2,

1Department of Nursing, Kaya University

2College of Nursing, Kosin University

Corresponding author: Jung, Kwuy Im College of Nursing, Kosin University, 262 Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Korea. Tel: +82-51-990-3951, Fax: +82-51-990-3970, E-mail: cgi@kosin.ac.kr

Received 13 October 2017       Revised 19 December 2017       Accepted 19 December 2017

Copyright © 2018 Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify whether career decision-making self-efficacy and social support provide a moderating effect between career barriers and job-seeking stress for 4th year nursing students preparing for employment.

Methods

A self report questionnaire survey was completed by 300 4th year nursing students at 6 universities located in 4 cities in Korea. Data were gathered during July, 2017 and analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program.

Results

There was significant positive correlation between career barriers and job-seeking stress, and negative correlation between career decision-making self-efficacy, social support and job-seeking stress. Career decision-making self-efficacy and social support had significant moderating effects in the relationship between career barriers and job-seeking stress among nursing students preparing for employment.

Conclusion

The results of the study indicate that career decision-making self-efficacy and social support are important factors in reducing job-seeking stress among nursing students preparing for employment. Therefore, to understand various job-seeking stress factors among nursing students preparing for employment, consideration must be given to the development of educational programs and support systems to improve career decision-making self-efficacy and social support.

Keywords: Career barriers, Job-seeking stress, Career decision-making self-efficacy, Social support

References

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Table 1.
Mean Scores for Variables (N=300)
Variables M±SD
Career barriers 2.47±0.65
 Interpersonal difficulty 2.28±0.87
 Lack of self-clarity 2.67±0.94
 Economic difficulty 2.60±0.86
 Conflict with parents 2.47±0.91
 Lack of job information 2.44±0.88
 Physical condition inferiority 2.09±0.91
 Lack of interest 2.57±0.92
 Anxiety about the future 2.62±1.02
Job-seeking stress 2.47±0.71
 Personality stress 2.80±0.97
 Family environmental stress 2.36±0.98
 Academic stress 2.53±0.90
 School environment stress 2.37±0.87
 Employment stress 1.95±0.94
Career decision-making self-efficacy 3.41±0.54
 Self-assessment efficacy 3.45±0.63
 Information gathering efficacy 3.40±0.69
 Goal setting efficacy 3.40±0.75
 Career planning efficacy 3.42±0.66
 Problem-solving efficacy 3.39±0.83
Social support 3.69±0.63
 Parent support 3.78±0.82
 Friends support 3.96±0.68
 Professor support 3.34±0.89
Table 2.
Career Barriers, Job-seeking Stress, Career Decision-making Self-efficacy, Social Support according to General Characteristics (N=300)
Characteristics　 　Categories n (%) Career barriers Job-seeking stress Career decision-making self-efficacy Social support　
M±SD t or F (p) M±SD t or F (p) M±SD t or F (p) M±SD t or F (p)
Age (year) ＜25 262 (87.3) 2.48±0.66 0.52 2.48±0.69 0.15 3.42±0.55 0.64 3.71±0.63 1.08
　 ≥25 38 (12.7) 2.42±0.57 (.602) 2.46±0.85 (.884) 3.36±0.48 (.525) 3.59±0.61 (.277)
Gender Male 45 (15.0) 2.41±0.70 -0.71 2.38±0.83 -0.84 3.52±0.59 1.36 3.74±0.68 0.49
Female 255 (85.0) 2.48±0.64 (.481) 2.49±0.69 (.407) 3.40±0.54 (.175) 3.69±0.62 (.618)
Religion Yes 103 (34.3) 2.43±0.63 -0.68 2.51±0.75 0.63 3.48±0.58 1.55 3.83±0.60 2.82
　 No 197 (65.7) 2.49±0.66 (.495) 2.46±0.69 (.531) 3.38±0.52 (.121) 3.62±0.63 (.005)
Average grade ＜3.0a 45 (15.0) 2.71±0.67 4.70 2.69±0.70 3.72 3.30±0.47 3.41 3.48±0.64 5.81
3.0~3.4b 124 (41.3) 2.54±0.65 (.003) 2.55±0.70 (.012) 3.35±0.52 (.018) 3.63±0.62 (.001)
3.5~3.9c 109 (36.3) 2.33±0.61 a＞c 2.32±0.72 a＞c 3.48±0.59 a, b＜d 3.78±0.61 a, b＜d
≥4.0d 22 (7.4) 2.31±0.62 2.36±0.59 3.67±0.48 4.08±0.55
Residence type With parentsa 205 (68.3) 2.46±0.63 0.84 2.46±0.69 0.36 3.43±0.55 0.43 3.68±0.59 1.62
living alone or lodgingb 78 (26.0) 2.53±0.68 (.432) 2.52±0.72 (.701) 3.37±0.53 (.653) 3.66±0.68 (.201)
　 Dormitoryc 17 (5.7) 2.31±0.75 2.39±0.87 3.43±0.55 3.96±0.78
Current home economic situation Poora 54 (18.0) 2.86±0.66 19.08 2.96±0.60 21.25 3.22±0.53 7.92 3.48±0.60 5.07
Moderateb 213 (71.0) 2.43±0.61 (＜.001) 2.41±0.68 (＜.001) 3.42±0.53 (＜.001) 3.72±0.62 (.007)
Goodc 33 (11.0) 2.06±0.57 a＞b＞c 2.07±0.67 a＞b＞c 3.69±0.54 a＜b＜c 3.90±0.65 a＜b, c
Motivation for seeking a job Secure economic-powera 163 (54.3) 2.58±0.63 5.11 2.60±0.70 4.53 3.33±0.54 5.47 3.59±0.60 4.43
Self-realizationb 40 (13.3) 2.18±0.64 (.002) 2.21±0.67 (.004) 3.58±0.59 (.001) 3.85±0.53 (.005)
Aptitude and interestc 73 (24.3) 2.37±0.63 a, d＞b 2.37±0.71 a, c, d＞b 3.57±0.50 a, d＜b, c 3.87±0.71 a, d＜b, c
Otherd 24 (8.1) 2.53±0.64 2.36±0.66 3.26±0.42 3.60±0.57
Satisaction with department Dissatisfieda 32 (10.7) 3.05±0.70 20.76 2.95±0.71 13.04 3.21±0.54 8.81 3.44±0.65 10.32
Averageb 158 (52.7) 2.50±0.61 (＜.001) 2.52±0.70 (＜.001) 3.34±0.51 (＜.001) 3.61±0.59 (＜.001)
Satisfiedc 110 (36.6) 2.26±0.58 a＞b＞c 2.27±0.66 a＞b＞c 3.58±0.56 a, b＜c 3.89±0.62 a, b＜c
Table 3.
Correlation among Research Variable (N=300)
Variables Career barriers Job-seeking stress Career decision-making self-efficacy Social support
r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p)
Career barriers 1 　 　 　
Job-seeking stress .70 (＜.001) 1 　 　
Career decision-making self-efficacy 　 -.51 (＜.001) -.35 (＜.001) 1 　
Social support -.43 (＜.001) -.40 (＜.001) .52 (＜.001) 1
Table 4.
Moderating Effect of Career Decision-making Self-efficacy on Job-seeking Stress (N=300)
Variables Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
β t p β t p β t p β t p
(Constant) 　 5.85 ＜.001 　 5.85 ＜.001 　 2.34 .020 　 2.99 .003
Average grade .08　 　 8.12 ＜.001 .41 3.31 .001 .14 1.83 .068 .16 0.43 .664
Current home economic situation .14 2.45 .015 .36 6.01 ＜.001 .00 0.10 .924 .01 0.10 .922
Motivation for finding a job .02 0.22 .824 .05 0.56 .575 .05 0.55 .582 .04 0.53 .597
Satisfaction with department .12 1.11 .267 .09 1.07 .284 .09 1.06 .290 .54 1.55 .121
Interpersonal difficulty .13 2.26 .025 .13 2.25 .026 .31 0.80 .425
Lack of self-clarity .03 0.60 .546 .03 0.60 .549 .24 0.73 .469
Economic difficulty .12 2.69 .008 .12 2.67 .008 -.41 -1.54 .125
Conflict with parents .07 1.38 .168 .07 1.38 .169 -.55 -1.75 .081
Lack of job information -.01 -0.20 .844 -.01 -0.19 .846 -1.00 -2.65 .009
Physical condition inferiority .13 2.35 .019 .13 2.31 .022 .65 1.72 .086
Lack of interest .09 1.67 .095 .09 1.67 .096 .67 1.83 .069
Anxiety about the future .39 6.58 ＜.001 .39 6.54 ＜ ＜.001 .38 0.93 .352
Career decision-making self-efficacy -.16 -3.58 ＜ ＜.001 -.33 -2.12 .035
Interpersonal*efficacy .52 1.99 .047
Self-clarity*efficacy -.19 -0.60 .550
Economic*efficacy -.27 -0.92 .359
Conflict*efficacy .61 1.97 .050
Information*efficacy .02 0.05 .959
Physica*efficacy .18 0.83 .410
Interest*efficacy -.56 -1.62 .107
Anxiety*efficacy -.73 -18.2 ＜ ＜.001
R2 (Δ R2) .46 (.21) .72 (.71) .73 (.71) .74 (.72)
ΔF & Significant 7.96 (＜.001) 41.12 (＜.001) 36.42 (＜.001) 20.59 (＜.001)

Durbin-Watson=1.952, tolerance=0.226~0.779; Dummy (Average grade:＜3.0=1, Current home economic situation: poor=1, Motivation for finding a job: Secure economic power=1).

Table 5.
Moderating Effect of Social Support on Job-seeking Stress (N=300)
Variables Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
β t p β t p β t p β t p
(Constant) 　 8.12 ＜.001 5.85 ＜.001 　 4.61 ＜.001 　 2.71 .007
Average grade .08　 　 8.12 ＜.001 .41 3.31 .001 .14 1.83 .068 .16 0.43 .664
Current home economic situation .14 2.45 .015 .36 6.01 ＜.001 .00 0.10 .924 .01 0.10 .922
Motivation for finding a job .02 0.22 .824 .05 0.56 .575 .05 0.55 .582 .04 0.53 .597
Satisfaction with department .12 1.11 .267 .09 1.07 .284 .09 1.06 .290 .54 1.55 .121
Interpersonal difficulty .13 2.26 .025 .12 2.15 .032 -.06 -0.18 .854
Lack of self-clarity .03 0.60 .546 .03 0.52 .600 .31 0.89 .377
Economic difficulty .12 2.69 .008 .12 2.61 .010 -.15 -0.53 .595
Conflict with parents .07 1.38 .168 .07 1.54 .124 -.12 -0.39 .696
Lack of job information -.01 -0.20 .844 -.01 -0.23 .820 -.19 -0.60 .550
Inferior physical condition .13 2.35 .019 .10 1.77 .077 .19 0.57 .567
Lack of interest .09 1.67 .095 .10 1.73 .084 .15 0.43 .667
Anxiety about the future .39 6.58 ＜.001 .36 6.17 ＜.001 .36 0.93 .352
Career decision-making self-efficacy -.10 -2.19 .029 -.29 -1.73 .048
Interpersonal*efficacy .19 0.58 .560
Self-clarity*efficacy -.29 -0.84 .402
Economic*efficacy .27 0.94 .347
Conflict*efficacy .19 0.62 .534
Information*efficacy .00 0.01 .996
Physica*efficacy .18 0.83 .410
Interest*efficacy -.05 -0.16 .876
Anxiety*efficacy -.16 -3.58 ＜.001
R2 (Δ R2) .46 (.21) .72 (.71) .73 (.72) .74 (.72)
ΔF & Significant 7.96 (＜.001) 41.12 (＜.001) 37.56 (＜.001) 19.76 (＜.001)

Durbin-Watson=1.909, tolerance=0.176~0839; Dummy (Average grade:＜3.0=1, Current home economic situation: poor=1, Motivation for finding a job: Secure economic power=1).

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