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Abstract
Purpose:
Human uteroglobin (hUG) is a cytokine-like multifunctional protein that possesses potent immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activity. Arid, the G38A polymorphism of uteroglobin exon 1 has been associated with the development of immunoglobulin A nephropathy, systemic lupus erythernatos䴸s and bronchial asthma. In addition, the 38AA genotype has been related to lower serum levels of uteroglobin than the GG or GA genotypes. Although the hUG gene is one of the candidate tumor suppressors in lung cancer, the uteroglobin gene polymorphism has not been reported upon in lung cancer. Therefore, we studied the frequencies of the G38A polymorphism of the hUG gene in patients with lung cancer and control subjects to investigate its relation with lung cancer.
Materials and Methods:
A matched case control design study was adopted to investigate the possibility of an association between primary lung cancer and the G38A polymorphism. To exclude the possible influence of tobacco smoke exposure, or of age or gender on the development of lung cancer, these factors were matched between the 60 patients and the 60 controls. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragments length polymorphism analysis for the hUG gene.
Results:
The frequency of the 38A allele in patients was 0.55ôwhich was significantly different from its frequency of 0.37 in controls (p=0.007). Moreover’ the frequency of the 38AA genotype was significantly higher in patients (35%) than in controls (15%) (p二0,01). Furthermore, two patients previously diagnosed as having prostate cancer were all genᄋtyped as 38AA.
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Fig. 1.
Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the UG genotypes.
Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Subjects
Table 2.
Genotypes and Allele Frequencies for the hUG Gene Mutation in Patients and Controls
| No. of subjects | Genotype | Allele frequency | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 38GG | 38GA | 38AA | 38G | 38A | ||
| Patients | 60 | 15 (25) | 24 (40) | 21 (35)∗ | 0.45 | 0.55† |
| Controls | 60 | 24 (40) | 27 (45) | 9 (15) | 0.63 | 0.37 |
Table 3.
Genotypes and Clinicopathlogical Characteristics in the Patient Group
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